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Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and RNA-seq reveal impaired brain development in prenatal e-cigarette exposed neonatal rats

ABSTRACT: We studied the influence of maternal vaping on rat neonates' brain development, using single nucleus -ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) and -RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) technologies. We found that maternal vaping distorted neuronal lineage differentiation by promoting excitatory neuron and inhibiting lateral ganglionic eminence derived inhibitory neuron differentiation. Maternal vaping also diminished microglia population in rat developing brain. Functional enrichment revealed that the distorted neuronal differentiation and reduced microglia population were associated with disrupted brain calcium homeostasis and signaling. Our findings raise the concern that maternal vaping may cause adverse long-term brain damage to the offsprings. In addition, we proposed a set of brain cell specific chromatin accessibility markers for identifying rat brain cells directly from snATAC-seq data.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE185538 | GEO | 2022/06/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Microglia colonize the brain parenchyma at early stages of development and accumulate in specific regions where they actively participate in cell death, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and synapse elimination. A recurring feature of embryonic microglial distribution is their association with developing axon tracts which, together with in vitro data, supports the idea of a physiological role for microglia in neurite development. Yet the demonstration of this role of microglia is still lacking. Here, we have studied the consequences of microglial dysfunction on the formation of the corpus callosum, the largest connective structure in the mammalian brain, which shows consistent microglial accumulation during development. We studied two models of microglial dysfunction: the loss-of-function of DAP12, a key microglial-specific signaling molecule, and a model of maternal inflammation by peritoneal injection of LPS at E15.5. We performed transcriptional profiling of maternally inflamed and Dap12-mutant microglia at E17.5. We found that both treatments principally down-regulated genes involved in nervous system development and function, particularly in neurite formation. We then analyzed the functional consequences of these microglial dysfunctions on the formation of the corpus callosum. We also took advantage of the Pu.1-/- mouse line, which is devoid of microglia. We now show that all three models of altered microglial activity resulted in the same defasciculation phenotype. Our study demonstrates that microglia are actively involved in the fasciculation of corpus callosum axons. To investigate possible roles for microglial during brain development, we challenged microglial function by two complementary approaches. First, we induced maternal inflammation by peritoneal injection of LPS into pregnant dams. Next, we analyzed the consequences of a loss of function of DAP12, a signaling molecule specifically expressed in microglia that is crucial for several aspects of microglia biology (references in Wakselman et al., 2008). We compared the gene expression profiles of microglia from control, maternally-inflamed by LPS (MI), and Dap12-mutated embryos. We isolated RNA from FACS sorted maternally inflamed (by LPS) and Dap12-mutant microglia at E17.5 pooled per pregnant dam; as a control we included PBS treated and untreated (UT) microglia. We compared gene expression between maternally inflamed microlgia (PBSvsLPS) and DAP12-mutant microglia (UTvsDAP12KO).

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Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and RNA-seq reveal impaired brain development in prenatal e-cigarette exposed neonatal rats

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