Plasmodium Infection induces gene expression changes in spleen lymphocytes
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE198699 | GEO | 2022/11/11
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Innate immune memory responses (also termed ‘trained immunity’) have been described in monocytes after BCG vaccination and after stimulation in vitro with microbial and endogenous ligands such as muramyl dipeptide, β-glucan, oxidized LDL, and MSU crystals. Whether clinical infections are also capable of inducing a trained immunity phenotype has not been studied. We evaluated whether Plasmodium falciparum infection can induce innate immune memory by assessing monocyte epigenetic, transcriptional and functional (cytokine production) programs from five volunteers undergoing controlled human malaria infection. During acute infection monocytes produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon secondary stimulation, but 36 days after malaria infection they produced significantly higher IL-6 and TNF-α in response to various stimuli. Furthermore, transcriptomic and epigenomic data analysis revealed a clear reprogramming of monocytes after malaria infection. Plasmodium challenge induces a long-term deposition of H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of several inflammatory genes of monocytes, these changes remaining stable for several weeks after infection. These findings demonstrate an epigenetic basis of trained immunity in the model of controlled in vivo human malaria infection.
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Project description:Trained immunity is classically characterized by long-term epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells to combat infectious diseases. Infection-induced organ injury is a common clinical severity phenotype of sepsis. However, whether the induction of trained immunity plays a role in protecting septic-organ injury remains largely unknown. Here, through establishing an in vivo β-glucan training and secondary LPS challenge-induced organ injury model in zebrafish larvae, we observe that induction of trained immunity could inhibit the pyroptosis of hepatocytes to alleviate septic-liver injury, with an elevated epigenetic modification of trimethylation at histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) that targets mitophagy activation. Moreover, we identify a novel C-type lectin domain receptor in zebrafish, named DrDectin-1, which is revealed as the orchestrator in gating H3K4me3 rewiring-mediated mitophagy activation and alleviating the pyroptosis-engaged septic-liver injury in vivo. Taken together, our results uncover a tissue-resident trained immunity in maintaining tissue homeostasis at a whole animal level, and offer a facile in vivo model to efficiently integrate trained immunity for immunotherapies.
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Project description:Trained immunity is the phenomenon whereby innate immune cells such as monocytes or macrophages undergo functional reprogramming after exposure to certain microbial components, altering their responses to future exposures. Intravesical instillation with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most effective adjuvant therapy in patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC). HR-NMIBC is associated with a high risk of tumor recurrence and progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The precise immunological mechanisms through which BCG mediates anti-tumor immunity are still unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the (long-term) induction of trained immunity by repeated BCG instillations in NMIBC patients and elucidate the immunological and epigenetic mechanisms that are involved. Another aim was to assess the relationship between trained immunity response and clinical response of NMIBC patients, in terms of recurrence free survival and progression free survival. To determine whether BCG instillations induce trained immunity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) we performed a prospective cohort study (‘Tribute’) and isolated PBMCs collected before BCG therapy and at 8 time points during BCG therapy. A total of 17 BCG-naïve HR-NMIBC patients were included. After isolation of PBMCs, monocytes were further purified using an isolation procotol with a percoll gradient. RNA was isolated from these purified monocytes were and used as input for RNA-seq analysis.
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Project description:Transmission of malaria is dependent on the successful completion of the Plasmodium lifecycle in the Anopheles vector. Major obstacles are encountered in the midgut tissue, where most parasites are killed by the mosquito’s immune system. In the present study, DNA microarray analyses have been used to compare Anopheles gambiae responses to invasion of the midgut epithelium by the ookinete stage of the human pathogen Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent experimental model pathogen P. berghei. Invasion by P. berghei had a more profound impact on the mosquito transcriptome, including a variety of functional gene classes, while P. falciparum elicited a broader immune response at the gene transcript level. Ingestion of human malaria-infected blood lacking invasive ookinetes also induced a variety of immune genes, including several anti-Plasmodium factors. Keywords: Anopheles gambiae, Plasmodium falciparum, ookinete, invasion, innate immunity
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