Project description:Knockdown of MLL5 led to deregulation of S phase. To understand the molecular basis for this phenotype, we performed microarray analysis of S phase synchronized myoblasts. Genes differentially regulated by MLL5 knock down were revealed by microarray analysis using NIA15K mouse chips. Control and knock down cells were synchronized at G0 by suspension culture and reactivated to enter S phase by replating for 24hrs in growth medium.
Project description:Knockdown of MLL5 led to deregulation of S phase. To understand the molecular basis for this phenotype, we performed microarray analysis of S phase synchronized myoblasts. Genes differentially regulated by MLL5 knock down were revealed by microarray analysis using NIA15K mouse chips.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of mouse myoblasts comparing control untreated C2C12 cells with reversine-treated C2C12 cells. Keywords: Differentiation state analysis
Project description:Male mice but not female Mll5 -/- mice are infertile. This study showed that post-meiotic spermatogenic maturation is impaired in Mll5 -/- mice. In order to investigate the role of Mll5 in spermatogenesis, a transcriptome analysis of whole testes from Mll5 knock out and wildtype mice was performed. Affymetrix Mouse Exon chips were hybridized with testes material from three individual male mice from each wild-type or Mll5 -/- genotype, in order to identify gene regulation differences attributed to the loss of Mll5. One-way ANOVA: wildtype vs. Mll5-/-
Project description:Analysis of Early Myogenesis Reveals an Extensive Set of Transcriptional Regulators Whose Knock-down Can Inhibit Differentiation Myogenesis is a tightly controlled process involving the transcriptional activation and repression of thousands of genes. Although many components of the transcriptional network are known for the later phases of myogenesis, relatively little work has described the transcriptional landscape within the first 24 hours, when myoblasts commit to differentiate. Through dense temporal sampling of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts, we identify 266 transcriptional regulators (TRs) whose expression is altered within the first 12 hours of myogenesis. A high-content shRNA screen of 76 TRs involving 427 stable lines identified 48 genes whose knockdown significantly inhibits differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. These include known regulators of myogenesis (Myod1, Myog and Myf5), as well as 26 regulators not previously associated with the process. Of the TRs differentially expressed within the first 24 hours, two-thirds inhibited differentiation when knocked down. Surprisingly, a similar proportion (67%) of shRNAs targeting TRs whose expression did not change during differentiation also inhibited myogenesis, suggesting that both stably and differentially expressed TRs are essential for this complex differentiation program. This implies that microarray-based approaches that concentrate functional validation studies on differentially-expressed genes will fail to identify many genes that are critically implicated in complex biological processes. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and sampled at various time points for gene expression measurement on MOE-430v2 chips. Cells grown in separate plates were harvested at 14 different time points: t_-24h, t_0h, t_0.5h, t_1h, t_1.5h, t_2h, t_3h, t_6h, t_9h, t_12h, t_24h, t_48h, t_96h, t_144h. Cells were also pre-treated with 50uM cycloheximide 1 hour prior to inducing differentiation and harvested at two time points: t_chx_1h, t_chx_3h. All harvests were performed in triplicate using growths from successive passages.
Project description:Analysis of Early Myogenesis Reveals an Extensive Set of Transcriptional Regulators Whose Knock-down Can Inhibit Differentiation Myogenesis is a tightly controlled process involving the transcriptional activation and repression of thousands of genes. Although many components of the transcriptional network are known for the later phases of myogenesis, relatively little work has described the transcriptional landscape within the first 24 hours, when myoblasts commit to differentiate. Through dense temporal sampling of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts, we identify 266 transcriptional regulators (TRs) whose expression is altered within the first 12 hours of myogenesis. A high-content shRNA screen of 76 TRs involving 427 stable lines identified 48 genes whose knockdown significantly inhibits differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. These include known regulators of myogenesis (Myod1, Myog and Myf5), as well as 26 regulators not previously associated with the process. Of the TRs differentially expressed within the first 24 hours, two-thirds inhibited differentiation when knocked down. Surprisingly, a similar proportion (67%) of shRNAs targeting TRs whose expression did not change during differentiation also inhibited myogenesis, suggesting that both stably and differentially expressed TRs are essential for this complex differentiation program. This implies that microarray-based approaches that concentrate functional validation studies on differentially-expressed genes will fail to identify many genes that are critically implicated in complex biological processes.
Project description:The human mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5) protein mediates hematopoietic cell homeostasis, cell cycle and survival, however, the molecular basis underlying MLL5 activities remains unknown. Here, we show that MLL5 is recruited to gene-rich euchromatic regions via the interaction of its PHD finger with the histone mark H3K4me3. The 1.48 à resolution crystal structure of the MLL5 PHD finger in complex with the H3K4me3 peptide reveals a non-canonical binding mechanism, whereby K4me3 is recognized through a single aromatic residue and an aspartate. The binding induces a His-Asp swapping rearrangement mediated by a C-terminal α-helix. Phosphorylation of H3T3 and H3T6 abrogates the association with H3K4me3 in vitro and in vivo, releasing MLL5 from chromatin in mitosis. This regulatory switch is conserved in the Drosophila ortholog of MLL5, MLL5, and suggests the developmental control for targeting of H3K4me3. Together, our findings provide insight into the molecular basis for the recruitment, exclusion and regulation of MLL5 at chromatin. For determaning MLL5 chromatin profile, DamID-MLL5 chromatin profiling was determined in C2C12 cells . Three biological replicates were performed. Normalized data was averaged and HMM approach was applied to establish the bound regions (Straub, T., Grimaud, C., Gilfillan, G. D., Mitterweger, A., and Becker, P. B. (2008). PLoS Genet 4, e1000302)