BioModelsapplication/xmlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026.pdfhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026-biopax2.owlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026-biopax3.owlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026_urn.xmlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026_url.xmlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026.xpphttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026.pnghttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026.scihttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026.mhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/BIOMD0000000026?filename=BIOMD0000000026.vcmlprimaryOK200Nicolas Le NovèreManually curatedL2V1https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/BIOMD000000002614744999falseBioModelsSBMLModelsMarkevich2004 MAPK orderedElementary2004MODEL6618379269Markevich NI, Hoek JB, Kholodenko BNMarkevich NI14744999,
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades can operate as bistable switches residing in either of two different stable states. MAPK cascades are often embedded in positive feedback loops, which are considered to be a prerequisite for bistable behavior. Here we demonstrate that in the absence of any imposed feedback regulation, bistability and hysteresis can arise solely from a distributive kinetic mechanism of the two-site MAPK phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Importantly, the reported kinetic properties of the kinase (MEK) and phosphatase (MKP3) of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) fulfill the essential requirements for generating a bistable switch at a single MAPK cascade level. Likewise, a cycle where multisite phosphorylations are performed by different kinases, but dephosphorylation reactions are catalyzed by the same phosphatase, can also exhibit bistability and hysteresis. Hence, bistability induced by multisite covalent modification may be a widespread mechanism of the control of protein activity.. null, 164.
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.lenov@ebi.ac.ukEBML-EBIBIOMD0000000026Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades can operate as bistable switches residing in either of two different stable states. MAPK cascades are often embedded in positive feedback loops, which are considered to be a prerequisite for bistable behavior. Here we demonstrate that in the absence of any imposed feedback regulation, bistability and hysteresis can arise solely from a distributive kinetic mechanism of the two-site MAPK phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Importantly, the reported kinetic properties of the kinase (MEK) and phosphatase (MKP3) of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) fulfill the essential requirements for generating a bistable switch at a single MAPK cascade level. Likewise, a cycle where multisite phosphorylations are performed by different kinases, but dephosphorylation reactions are catalyzed by the same phosphatase, can also exhibit bistability and hysteresis. Hence, bistability induced by multisite covalent modification may be a widespread mechanism of the control of protein activity.Signaling switches and bistability arising from multisite phosphorylation in protein kinase cascades.Markevich Nick I NI, Hoek Jan B JB, Kholodenko Boris N BNUVO Gene Mutation, GrpL, DmErk, pp44mapk, H. pylori Positive, DSORT, CycEI, p38-alpha, ERBB2 Amplification, phosphorylation, p38MAPK, p38a, Positive Charge, RET/PTC Rearrangement, Hepatitis C Virus RNA Positive, p53 Mutation, ATP-protein transphosphorylase activity, PGR Positive, Kinase, Mpk34C, SEM, p38B, p38A, Methylated MGMT Promoter, Meet, ERA Positive, mapk14a, Widespread, G Protein Subunit Alpha q Gene Mutation, IDH Gene Mutation, CD324 Gene Mutation, Hepatitis B Virus Core Antibody Positive, c-KIT Positive, Flavoprotein Subunit of Complex II Positive, hnRNP36, Dsor2, B7H1 Positive, BEK Gene Mutation, node-positive, Cadherin 1 Gene Mutation, Dm p38b, DSOR1, ESTRB Positive, XH2 Gene Mutation, Mechanism Device, Catenin Beta 1 Gene Mutation, ER Beta Positive, Grf40, Hepatitis B DNA Positive, Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Promoter Mutation, CG14080, CG14081, GRBLG, ESTS:186F5S, DmMPK2, Methylated MGMT Gene Promoter, ERK-A, dpERK, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive, KGFR Gene Rearrangement, c-erbB2 Gene Amplification, ERK-1, ERK-2, betaIIPKC, B-RAF Gene Rearrangement, Anti-HBc Positive, DmMAPK, dephosphorylation, dp-ERK, Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antibody Positive, Estrogen Receptor Alpha Positive, Hrb87f, Wee-kinase activity, Double ring-finger protein, SDHIP Positive, pMAPK, DMEK-1, FGFR-2 Gene Rearrangement, FLT2 Gene Mutation, FGFR-1 Gene Rearrangement, l(2)05206, RET Gene Rearrangement, EK1-1, Mek3, NRAS Gene Mutation, DMEK3, ECAD Gene Mutation, l(2)41Ac, EST2 Promoter Mutation, c-Crk, Mtap2k, Present, ESR Positive, Fulfill, PDCD1L1 Positive, C78273, CSBP2, CSBP1, CT34260, Report, dpERk, Positive EBV Serum Test, IDH Gene Family Mutation, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE, SAPK, N-RAS Gene Mutation, HER2/Neu Amplification, Csbp2, KRAS Gene Mutation, Csbp1, Feedbacks, Expression of PD-L1, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, Wee 1-like kinase activity, 9030612K14Rik, Induced, D-p38 MAPK, SDHF Positive, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group A Member 2 Positive, region or site annotation, BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 Gene Mutation, CDHE Gene Mutation, glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity, F14N23.9, Succinate Dehydrogenase [Ubiquinone] Iron-Sulfur Subunit, Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Positive, pyst1, dMPK2, sapk2a, Cdi7, ribosomal protein S6 kinase II activity, G Protein Subunit Alpha 11 Gene Mutation, EXIP, MAP kinase cascade, Erk, p38beta, B7-H Positive, protein-serine kinase activity, Cadherin-Associated Protein, Pervasive, JTV1, MGMT Gene Methylation, Hepatitis B Core Antibody Positive, absent from organism, STK32, PCBC, MEK 7, erk, BEK Gene Rearrangement, Diffuse, RET Rearrangement, CG12749, RAD54 Homolog Gene Mutation, MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade, rll, HRP36, STK26, HER-2 Gene Amplification, SOR, p38-2, myelin basic protein kinase activity, Positive EBV Test, SAPK2A, SINGLE, DRT, Esrk1, MSI stable, mkp-3, PR Positive, Hepatitis B Surface Protein Antigen Positive, stress-activated kinase activity, MAP-2 kinase activity, Estrogen Receptor Positive, MK, protein phosphokinase activity, B-RAF1 Gene Rearrangement, ATRX, l(2)k02514, DmCycE, native protein, BRAF Gene Rearrangement, stress-activated protein kinase activity, MEK, FLG Gene Mutation, PAX8 Rearrangement, Androgen Receptor Positive, HGFR Gene Amplification, ESR1 Positive, protein kinase p58 activity, MET Gene Amplification, c-MET Gene Amplification, serine/threonine protein kinase activity, ER-Alpha Positive, Single Person, Modified, Methylated MGMT, CG12559, P42MAPK, ERG Rearrangement, dpERK1, HBsAg Positive, Dmkp3, dsk1, atypical PKC activity, TERT Gene Promoter Mutation, extracellular, 38 kDa DNA polymerase delta interaction protein, Differential, Ret Proto-Oncogene Rearrangement, AU018647, D-MKK3, Embed Technique, CRK1, IDH Mutation, 1p/19q Co-deletion, SDHA Positive, Q Polypeptide Gene Mutation, Succinate Dehydrogenase [Ubiquinone] Flavoprotein Subunit, p44mapk, protein serine-threonine kinase activity, SAP kinase activity, Estrogen Receptor 2 Positive, glycogen synthase kinase activity, XNP Gene Mutation, O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Gene Promoter Methylation, protein kinase A activity, ER Positive, v-Ets Erythroblastosis Virus E26 Oncogene Like Gene Rearrangement, Mpk2, Mpk3, D-MEK/Dsor, p42mapk, protein, p38 alpha, HRAS1 Gene Mutation, binding site, SR2-1, G-ALPHA-q Gene Mutation, BAP1 Gene Mutation, kinase-related transforming protein, protein aggregate, RK, v-Erb-B2 Avian Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 Gene Mutation, TP53, Abnormal, gene expression, Estrogen Receptor Beta Positive, DMKK3, MEK3/MKK3, DERK-A, DOG1 Positive, E(sina)7, Rl, ETV Family Gene Rearrangement, Ets Variant Family Rearrangement, Raf kinase activity, FLT2 Gene Rearrangement, Rearrangement identified, MP kinase activity, serine kinase activity, FGFR3 Gene Rearrangement, ECT1 Gene Mutation, Estrogen Receptor 1 Positive, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Gene Mutation, AHA1, atypical protein kinase C activity, IDH Family Mutation, MAPKKK cascade during sporulation, CD333 Gene Rearrangement, DmelCG12749, P11, mitogen-activated S6 kinase activity, ATP - protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated) activity, protein-aspartyl kinase activity, dERK, Anti-Hepatitis C Antibody Positive, dSor1, ATRX Gene Mutation, ERG Gene Rearrangement, Mnk1, SAPKK4, sor/MEK1, Mapk, ERK1, ERK2, mapk1a, A230093K24Rik, Reported, Hrb2, HER2 Gene Mutation, MAPK signal transduction, D-p38b, M phase-specific cdc2 kinase activity, D-p38a, Gene Expression, p41mapk, Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Positive, MapK, mapk1b, HIV Positive, P38, C14orf3, erk2, dSor, HIV positive, 1p/19q Codeletion, POSITIVE, phosphorylase B kinase kinase activity, ERKa, Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein (G Protein), Yes, absence, GADS, BcDNA:RE08694, l(2R)EMS45-39, MSI Stable, SDH2 Positive, CAPB, HRB87F, DmelCG12559, p38alpha, p38, Prkm15, ERBB2 Gene Mutation, Prkm14, Proto-oncogene c-Crk, DpErk, ERKA, hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase activity, HUMKER1A, WEE1Hu, Expressed, ER-Beta Positive, p41, MAPK signalling, p40, P44MAPK, p44, HRAS Gene Mutation, DmelCG12304, 186F5S, Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog Gene Mutation, Regulation, BRAF Rearrangement, calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity, l(1)G0252, CDH1 Gene Mutation, CG7393, Anti-HBs Positive, c-erbB2 Gene Activation, cycE, D-mek, CYCLE, Stability, dp38a, dp38b, Hek5, Degree, HS44KDAP, polypeptide chain, Fp Positive, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Gene Rearrangement, OGD Gene Mutation, Anti-HBcAb Positive, Hep C RNA Positive, p42-MAPK, CD274 Antigen Positive, Epithelial Gene Mutation, T-antigen kinase activity, MET Proto-Oncogene, galactosyltransferase-associated kinase activity, MKK3, CYCE, SWS Gene Mutation, TAOS2 Positive, DmelCG3938, Mechanism, MKK7, CyclE, 3938, Transphosphorylase, D-sor, Crk-III, Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Gene Promoter Methylation, CG18732, l(2)k05007, protein kinase (phosphorylating) activity, Neuroblastoma RAS Viral Oncogene Homolog Gene Mutation, H-ras Gene Mutation, Erk-1, dm-cycE, ETV Gene Rearrangement, GRID, Stable, MSS, Switch Device, CD332 Gene Rearrangement, Ets Variant Gene Family Rearrangement, HER2 Gene Amplification, casein kinase (phosphorylating) activity, Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Positive, D-Mek, CTNNB Gene Mutation, progesterone receptor positive, RASH1 Gene Mutation, Controlled, Controlling, ert1, Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Core Antibody Positive, protein complex, anon-sts23, P11/Hrb87F, Microsatellite Stable, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, Crk-I, MEK/Dsor1, NR3A2 Positive, AP50 kinase activity, MGMT Gene Promoter Methylation, MBP kinase I activity, Performer, TMEM16A Positive, Catenin Beta-1 Gene Mutation, MGMT Methylation, AR Positive, D-Sor, Xp42, Acceptance, Exhibit, FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 2 Gene Mutation, HIV Positivity, Mast/Stem Cell Growth Factor Receptor Kit Positive, mitogen activated kinase activity, Kinases, INSDC_feature:misc_binding, Su(Raf)2B, mkp3, FGFR-2 Gene Mutation, phosphoric monoester hydrolase activity, PYST1, Calcium-Dependent Adhesion Protein, Dorfin, requirements, D-ERK, mxi2, Only, ERT1, ERT2, p44-ERK1, HBs Antigen Positive, CD274 Molecule Positive, BG:DS00797.3, Single, MAP kinase 1 activity, A-kinase activity, GTPase Gene Mutation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity, Anti-HBsAb Positive, GRPL, Beta Gene Mutation, CRKII, Tyro5, fond, Progesterone Receptor Positive, MEK1/2, Embedded, FGFBR Gene Rearrangement, Story, Prp4 protein kinase activity, Hog, p38ALPHA, protein polypeptide chains, MKP3, LeMPK3, p44mpk, hnRNP A2/B1, ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) activity, Dp38, HCV Antibody Positive, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group A Member 1 Positive, SAPK2, Sem, Erg-3 Gene Rearrangement, CD332 Gene Mutation, Ha-ras Gene Mutation, MAP-k, EXPRESSED, HRas Proto-Oncogene, Embedding, pp42, TRT Promoter Mutation, hrp40, EK5, GAQ Gene Mutation, Met Proto-Oncogene (Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor) Gene Amplification, proteins, FGFR1 Gene Rearrangement, Hrb87Fa, sem, PD-L1+, DSor1, Hrb85CD, NEU Gene Mutation, v-raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B1 Gene Rearrangement, hrp36, FGFR3 Gene Mutation, SDHB Positive, K-RAS Mutation, dMKK3, CD331 Gene Rearrangement, C-HA-RAS1 Gene Mutation, MET Amplification, ZNF-HX Gene Mutation, ATP Phosphotransferases, phosphatase, ERBB2 Gene Amplification, p82 kinase activity, Beta Catenin Gene Mutation, dpErk, Difference, 6.3.2.-, csbp, PMK-2, PMK-1, Cyc E, Acceptance Processes, PMK-3, CSBP, Alpha 11 Gene Mutation, CD331 Gene Mutation, ERB Positive, BG:DS07108.3, Cadherin, pMapK, JKT4 Gene Rearrangement, Data Change Date, D-MPK2, GRAP-2, Regulated, CMC1 Gene Mutation, Adapt, DmelCG5475, MEK3, DmERKA, P53 Gene Mutation, rl/MAPK, Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein, PAX8 Gene Rearrangement, NR3A1 Positive, non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase activity, Keratinocyte Growth Factor Receptor Gene Rearrangement, HER2 Amplification, CD333 Gene Mutation, Positive Epstein-Barr Virus Test, serine-specific protein kinase activity, FGFBR Gene Mutation, HIPK2, cytidine 3', TCS1 Promoter Mutation, BFGFR Gene Mutation, p44erk1, DmelCG14080, cycline, glycogen synthase A kinase activity, Processes, Different, DmcyclinE, 12559, HCV RNA Positive, EMBEDDING, protein-containing complex, Exip, phosphorylase b kinase kinase activity, EK2-1, ER+, Inducible, cdi7, PRKM15, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Gene Amplification, FGFR1 Gene Mutation, AA407128, p55 Gene Rearrangement, FLG Gene Rearrangement, cyclinE, PDCD1LG1 Positive, p38 MAPK, PRKM14, CDI7, Prkm1, Prkm3, ERK, PRKM1, Modification, PRKM3, PRKM2, ETV Rearrangement, androgen receptor positive, positional, Hrp36, HBs Positive, Embed, p38Ka, Positive Number, p38Kb, MAPK signaling, Inducing, General activity., positive test result, v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog Gene Mutation, AI848995, GNAQ Gene Mutation, DmcycE, BC023857, STABLE, PD-L1 Positive, GRB2L, CTNNB1 Gene Mutation, FGFR2 Gene Rearrangement, protein-cysteine kinase activity, ANO1 Positive, Hpr kinase activity, RAD54 Gene Mutation, Expression, Sor, report, Dp38b, Dp38a, RING finger protein 19A, CD117 Positive, FGFR2 Gene Mutation, Adapted, Helicobacter pylori Positive, diffuse, Essential, ESRB Positive, Phosphorylations, sor, protein serine kinase activity, DmMKK3, Positive Finding, PKA, PKC, p38MAPKK, GNA11 Gene Mutation, mapk2, mapk1, Mek, Induce, Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor Gene Amplification, p38 beta, DMKP-3, Met, 1300019I03Rik, l(2)k02602, HBcAb Positive, Tumor Protein p53 Gene Mutation, mek, Crk1, Crk3, IP Positive, Changed, CSPB1, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Positive, Anti-HCV Antibody Positive, 5'-cyclic monophosphate-responsive protein kinase activity, N-RAS Mutation, FLT-2 Gene Mutation, ETS Transcription Factor ERG Gene Rearrangement, D-CycE, binding_or_interaction_site, dpMAPK, CEK Gene Mutation, Solitary, regulation, Alpha-11 Gene Mutation, Chromatin Remodeler Gene Mutation, Alone, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Gene Mutation, dsor1, Activity, sapk2, ERK/MAPK cascade, Hepatitis C Viral RNA Positive, Crko, FLT-2 Gene Rearrangement, JKT4 Gene Mutation, D-p38, AR+, PRKMK7, KRAS Mutation, Crk-II, ESR-Beta Positive, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Gene Rearrangement, FGFR-3 Gene Rearrangement, P44ERK1, Ccne, Su(Raf)34B, mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, Q14, KGFR Gene Mutation, Q16, mpk2, mpk1, estrogen receptor positive, Erk/Map kinase, reference sample, Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X-Linked Gene Mutation, behavioral response to stimulus, c-Met Gene Amplification, DERK, Dmp38a, PR+, FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 2 Gene Rearrangement, Performed By, Dmp38b, Anti-Hepatitis B Core Antibody Positive, MBP kinase II activity, B7 Homolog 1 Positive, Beta 1 (88kD) Gene Mutation, Positive, CG5475, ATP, single-organism behavior, MNK1, MAP kinase 2 activity, Anti-HBs Antibody Positive, Process, D-sor-1, TP53 Gene Mutation, Erk1, DSor, Erk2, 1p/19q co-deletion, KIT Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine Protein Kinase Positive, v-Ha-ras Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog Gene Mutation, Positive Estrogen Receptor, br37, DRODSOR1, D-P38a, GrbX, HBsAb Positive, K-SAM Gene Mutation, Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Flavoprotein Subunit A Positive, Acceptance Process, Induction, Syn, MAPK, Conflict, Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B Positive, serine protein kinase activity, mapk, KRAS2 Gene Mutation, region, CG12244, HRB87F/hrp36, Transphosphorylases, Paired Domain Gene 8 Gene Rearrangement, positional polypeptide feature, protein glutamyl kinase activity, JTV-1, Mona, Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 Positive, ESR2 Positive, Hepatitis C RNA Positive, Type 1, DpERK, dMEK, ErkA, Positive Laboratory Test Result, Paired Box 8 Gene Rearrangement, LCAM Gene Mutation, l35Dd, epsilon PKC, E-Cadherin Gene Mutation, Dsor, DIFFUSE, Arc-1 Gene Mutation, N-SAM Gene Mutation, N-SAM Gene Rearrangement, pERK, CD274 Positive, F14N23_9, ribosomal S6 protein kinase activity, MAPKK7, HH19, GroupII, KRAS-2 Gene Mutation, PDL1 Positive, Covalent, KIT Positive, Anti-HBc Antibody Positive, TERT Promoter Mutation, KAL2 Gene Mutation, l(2)br37, ECT1 Gene Rearrangement, CrkIII, p38Hog, Gads, Anoctamin-1 Positive, FGFR-3 Gene Mutation, Dmek, Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antibody Positive, serine(threonine) protein kinase activity, Switch, JNKK2, HIV test positive, Level, Phosphotransferase, CG15793, Mkk3, Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Gene Mutation, BFGFR Gene Rearrangement, DmelCG12244, xp42, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Gene Mutation, Cadherin 1, E-Cadherin (Epithelial) Gene Mutation, HER2/neu Gene Mutation, BRCA1 Associated Protein 1 Gene Mutation, v-Kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 Feline Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog Positive, p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, ATP:protein phosphotransferase (MAPKK-activated) activity, Positive Lymph Node, Raf-1, C-H-RAS Gene Mutation, ATMPK1, site, DmERK-A, OGD Gene Rearrangement, KAL2 Gene Rearrangement, Behaviors, SDH1 Positive, D-MEK, behaviour, Switch/Relay, ER Alpha Positive, UCHL2 Gene Mutation, RAD54L Gene Mutation, GNA-11 Gene Mutation, MAPKKK cascade, CEK Gene Rearrangement, DMPK2, prkm2, prkm1, CT39192, Hepatitis C Antibody Positive, Loss of Chromosomes 1p/19q, ESTRR Positive, DMKK3/lic, K-SAM Gene Rearrangement, Phosphotransferases, DmelCG7393, p38delta, twitchin kinase activity, del(1p/19q), natural protein, group 2, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Gene Rearrangement, Covalent Interaction, Protein, CyeE, ESRA Positive, D-SOR, ERBB2 Mutation, threonine-specific protein kinase activity, DmelCG15793, ETV Family Rearrangement, Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Positive, MAPKK, Beta-Catenin Gene Mutation, GA11 Gene Mutation, Paired Box Gene 8 Gene Rearrangement, TP2 Promoter Mutation, Mxi2, l(2)35Dd, ORAOV2 Positive, SAPKK-4, Sapk2A, EY2-2, MAPK2, MAPK1, dp38, Floor, BAP1 Mutation, c-K-ras Gene Mutation, behavioural response to stimulus, Ert2, Change, EPHT3, p44-MAPK, FGFR-1 Gene Mutation, MKP-3, CG3938, Mitochondrial PositivePhosphorylations, Table, Phosphorylations.SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2-2, biological signaling, SRK2D, SNRK2-2, SPK-2-2, signalling process, Usually Need Help from Another Person for Getting Up, signaling process, Usually Need Help from Another Person for Arising, SNF1-related protein kinase 2.2., Phosphorylations, Getting Up, PROTEIN KINASE, Arising, phosphorylation, single organism signaling, signallingfalseMarkevich2004_MAPK_orderedElementary
The model corresponds to the schemas 1 and 2 of Markevich et al 2004, as described in the figure 1 and the supplementary table S1. Phosphorylations and dephosphorylations follow distributive ordered kinetics. The phosphorylations are modeled with three elementary reactions:
E+SES->E+P
The dephosphorylations are modeled with five elementary reactions:
E+SES->EPE+P
2012-05-152005-05-232005-09-13BIOMD00000000262.7.12.23.1.3.16REACT_1780REACT_495REACT_136REACT_224714744999MODEL6618379269BIOMD0000000026GO:0000165GO:0051019GO:0031434GO:0006468GO:0004708GO:0000187GO:0000188GO:0006470GO:00432418355P26696Q05116Q90W58