BioModelsapplication/xmlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000.pdfhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000-biopax2.owlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000-biopax3.owlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000_urn.xmlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000_url.xmlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000.xpphttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000.scihttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000.pnghttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000.vcmlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1006230000?filename=MODEL1006230000.mprimaryOK200Camille LaibeNon-curatedordinary differential equation modelL2V4https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/MODEL100623000015036180falseBioModelsSBMLModelsSmith2004 CVS human2004MODEL1006230000Bram W Smith, J Geoffrey Chase, Roger I Nokes, Geoffrey M Shaw, Graeme WakeBram W Smith15036180, Characterising circulatory dysfunction and choosing a suitable treatment is often difficult and time consuming, and can result in a deterioration in patient condition, or unsuitable therapy choices. A stable minimal model of the human cardiovascular system (CVS) is developed with the ultimate specific aim of assisting medical staff for rapid, on site modelling to assist in diagnosis and treatment. Models found in the literature simulate specific areas of the CVS with limited direct usefulness to medical staff. Others model the full CVS as a closed loop system, but they were found to be very complex, difficult to solve, or unstable. This paper develops a model that uses a minimal number of governing equations with the primary goal of accurately capturing trends in the CVS dynamics in a simple, easily solved, robust model. The model is shown to have long term stability and consistency with non-specific initial conditions as a result. An "open on pressure close on flow" valve law is created to capture the effects of inertia and the resulting dynamics of blood flow through the cardiac valves. An accurate, stable solution is performed using a method that varies the number of states in the model depending on the specific phase of the cardiac cycle, better matching the real physiological conditions. Examples of results include a 9% drop in cardiac output when increasing the thoracic pressure from -4 to 0 mmHg, and an increase in blood pressure from 120/80 to 165/130 mmHg when the systemic resistance is doubled. These results show that the model adequately provides appropriate magnitudes and trends that are in agreement with existing data for a variety of physiologically verified test cases simulating human CVS function.. 2, 26. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.laibe@ebi.ac.ukEMBL-EBICharacterising circulatory dysfunction and choosing a suitable treatment is often difficult and time consuming, and can result in a deterioration in patient condition, or unsuitable therapy choices. A stable minimal model of the human cardiovascular system (CVS) is developed with the ultimate specific aim of assisting medical staff for rapid, on site modelling to assist in diagnosis and treatment. Models found in the literature simulate specific areas of the CVS with limited direct usefulness to medical staff. Others model the full CVS as a closed loop system, but they were found to be very complex, difficult to solve, or unstable. This paper develops a model that uses a minimal number of governing equations with the primary goal of accurately capturing trends in the CVS dynamics in a simple, easily solved, robust model. The model is shown to have long term stability and consistency with non-specific initial conditions as a result. An "open on pressure close on flow" valve law is created to capture the effects of inertia and the resulting dynamics of blood flow through the cardiac valves. An accurate, stable solution is performed using a method that varies the number of states in the model depending on the specific phase of the cardiac cycle, better matching the real physiological conditions. Examples of results include a 9% drop in cardiac output when increasing the thoracic pressure from -4 to 0 mmHg, and an increase in blood pressure from 120/80 to 165/130 mmHg when the systemic resistance is doubled. These results show that the model adequately provides appropriate magnitudes and trends that are in agreement with existing data for a variety of physiologically verified test cases simulating human CVS function.Minimal haemodynamic system model including ventricular interaction and valve dynamics.Smith Bram W BW, Chase J Geoffrey JG, Nokes Roger I RI, Shaw Geoffrey M GM, Wake Graeme GHuman, human being, Man (Taxonomy), Homo sapiens, human., Man, Modern Man, ModernHeart, Difficulty, Amenable, Unstable Condition, fond, CycEI, Diagnosis, Verify, Long Term, Status, drop(s), Method, Constitutional Law, symptoms, HEART, Cardiac Valve, cardiac, treatment, Laboratory Test, {drop}, Unstable, Initial Usage, result, Matched, Output, Fast, adult mouth, Legal Obligation, CM, Rapid, Agreement, Homo sapiens disease, Legal Aspect, Deterioration, Better, SIMPLE, CXXC finger protein 9, INCREASED, Diagnose, Initial, screening, Longterm Effect, Test, CONSUMING, Procedure, Cyc E, Diagnoses, DROPS, Oral region, Medical Staffs, Postmortem, cavitas oris, BG:DS07108.3, Laboratory Procedure, PIG7, anatomische Mund, TEST, State, Drops, l(2)05206, Lab Test, Smoking, Test Name, Model System, function., Drop Dosing Unit, laboratory test, Oral part of face, signs, Mouth, Methodological, Present, valva (Spanish, human, Condition, Content Date, [drp], primary tumor, vestibule of mouth, oral cavity, Pulse Pressure, Gtt, cycline, Effects, Aspect, CV system, DmcyclinE, number, Legal Status, Difficult, Medical Jurisprudence, Blood Flow, model, Aid, Human, cdi7, Aim, AIM, Cardiac, gtt, cyclinE, It improved, CMR, Initial Adverse Event Report, Cdi7, CDI7, disease or disorder, Screening, Obligations, Antemortem, millimeters of mercury, Useful, Medical, Actual, Man, Assisted, Technique, DNMT1, Negation, Drop Unit, In, anatomical systems, Valves, DNMT1_HUMAN, Longterm, dysfunction, BETTER/IMPROVED/RECOVERING, Long-Term, Diagnoses and Examinations, DmcycE, STABLE, outcome, Solution, oral vestibule, Study, API6, PERFORMED, Constitutional Laws, Flow, lab_exam, oral fissure, Variety, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1, State Interest, Staffs, Antemortem Diagnoses, Law, Perform, findings, Systemic Immunotherapy, MSI stable, Conditions, Result, Legal Aspects, Matching, disorders, Primary, Real, MCMT, Valve, verification, futurology, Dropped, Heart Valve, initials, l(2)k02514, DmCycE, Have, Pressure, Long Term Effects, condition, REAL, lab exam, Lab Tests, CXXC9, l(2)k02602, INITIAL, Blood Flows, CT-2, ASSIST, Match, Increased, Directly, Accuracy, Create, Negated, CXXC-type zinc finger protein 9, Pairing, Longterm Effects, plan specification, No, D-CycE, Legal Obligations, Blood Products, Litigation, Rima oris, Drop Dose Form, CAMEROON, Specific, Primary Cause of Death, American Stop Smoking Intervention for Cancer Prevention, Closed, circulation, Laboratory Testing, CLEC2C, Obligation, Antemortem Diagnosis, Circulatory Systems, Staff, HSN1E, Jurisprudence, Systemic, Blood, Direct, Verified, laboratory_test, {DROP}, Techniques, Drop British, exact), Ccne, diseases, Initials, 120, Assortment, diseases and disorders, Outputs, Systolic, Effect, Close, Circulation, CVS, systemic, human disease, Man (Taxonomy), vestibulum oris, IMPROVED, Created, matching, mouth cavity, Content Creation Date, Court Decision, anatomical valve, forecasting, Methodological Studies, Had, Decision, disease management, Therapies, Unstable Device, Usefulness, Drip, Outcome, Cardiovascular Systems, Long-Term Effects, Has, Therapy, Cameroon, Primary Tumor, Unstable Status, Papers, mmHg, and Cancer-ASSIST, Modern, Court, Interest, br37, First, results, Literatures, Creation, Screenings, Primary Neoplasm, Non, Examinations and Diagnoses, Drop Unit of Volume, PRCDTH, Not, cavum oris, Postmortem Diagnosis, region, Date Created, Diagnoses and Examination, ADCADN, Inclusion, Postmortem Diagnoses, Legal, UNQ203/PRO229, Rapidly, MSI Stable, DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1, Tests, DROP, drops, Presence, Improved, Methodological Study, Treatments, X4, Bloodstream, Initial Adverse Event and Product Problem Report, disease, l35Dd, Patient, State Interests, Suitable, Constitutional, pairing, Real Data Type, Varietas, other disease, Non-, human being, Procedures, Circulatory, Interests, Goal, Metric Drop, Laws, cycE, Diastolic Pressure, l(2)br37, Dropping, CYCLE, Stability, method, Homo sapiens, Litigations, method used in an experiment, resistance, Drop, Mass, Studies, Tobacco, Test Dosing Unit, Models, valve, primary, Help, Modeling System, doubled, CYCE, PRESENT, Decisions, ACTUAL, DmelCG3938, CyclE, Better than Others, Drop Dosage Form, 3938, non-neoplastic, Heightened, l(2)k05007, dm-cycE, Stable, Initial Product Problem Report, Verification, Clients, MSS, Found, Diastolic, pharyngeal valve, Herz und Gefaesssystem, disorder, site, Long-Term Effect, Model, Circulatory System, Pharmacist's Drop, DNA MTase HsaI, TP53I7, Possess, Include, 弁 (Japanese, DNMT, medical condition, Microsatellite Stable, Client, Examination and Diagnoses, Assistance, Consumption, Court Decisions, Blood Products Laboratory Testing, Mass Screenings, DNA methyltransferase HsaI, Medical Drop, CyeE, buccal cavity, Performed, Systolic Pressure, l(2)35Dd, Cardiac Outputs, patient, pathophysiology, Accurate, Specified, circulatory system, Pulse, Pressures, Therapeutic, Increase, Modern Man, cardinality, Treatment, Aspects, Experimental Result, CG3938, Thoracic, Assist, Imperial Drop, thoracic, Blood Circulation, m.HsaI, Cardiac Valvesextent, Antemortem Diagnosis, Circulatory Systems, Staff, Public Sectors, Engrailed, HSN1E, Blood, fond, NetrinA, AUTSX5, D430049E23Rik, NOVH, CycEI, CCN3, Diagnosis, QM, refractory macrocytic anaemia due to 5q deletion, Long Term, CG11121, megakaryocytes, Techniques, due to 5Q deletion, old, exact), Ccne, diseases, Method, symptoms, diseases and disorders, Public Enterprise, Outputs, Systolic, CD105, Effect, fs(1)M104, treatment, EDM1, EDM2, EDM3, human disease, Elkh, Man (Taxonomy), vestibulum oris, long, mouth cavity, Public Domains, EK6, V, Output, SAP-2, Sap-2, SO, adult mouth, anatomical valve, IBP-9, neuroendocrine tumour, forecasting, epiphyseal dysplasia, anon-EST:Posey121, Methodological Studies, Solute carrier family 6 member 2, disease management, CT27014, Therapies, NET1, SLC6A5, Homo sapiens disease, S-endoglin, netA, NOVh, EPD1, SIMPLE, Cardiovascular Systems, CXXC finger protein 9, Long-Term Effects, So, Diagnose, AI662476, Therapy, l(3)12m-137, screening, EIEE13, Elk, ELK, DJ39G22.4, IDD, Papers, IRF-1, completeness, mmHg, Neuronally-expressed EPH-related tyrosine kinase, Modern, Longterm Effect, SAP2, 9330129L11, Procedure, Cyc E, br37, results, Diagnoses, neuroendocrine neoplasm, Literatures, Oral region, Medical Staffs, cavitas oris, Postmortem, Screenings, EnR, BG:DS07108.3, EN, en1, Norepinephrine transporter, Public Domain, PIG7, Examinations and Diagnoses, anatomische Mund, Domains, cavum oris, EPH-like kinase 6, University, NOV, Postmortem Diagnosis, l(2)05206, dSmad4, END, PlexA1, region, Domain, CERIII, Eng, Diagnoses and Examination, ADCADN, Postmortem Diagnoses, Plxn1, En, UNQ203/PRO229, Oral part of face, Es, DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1, signs, nov, Mouth, Methodological, hEK6, valva (Spanish, Methodological Study, Treatments, mKIAA4053, human, fs(1)Y[b], disease, DmelCG18657, Sector, l35Dd, multiple, Patient, C130088N23Rik, vestibule of mouth, PLXN1, DXS648E, oral cavity, refractory, AW488255, other disease, Pulse Pressure, Sectors, CIAT, human being, DJ885L7.4.1, cycline, DmelCG1775, Procedures, YB, Effects, PSACH, CV system, DmcyclinE, macrocytic Anemia, number, Goal, cycE, Copyrights, DmelCG9015, Diastolic Pressure, l(2)br37, CYCLE, Human, netrin, cdi7, Aim, method, AIM, Cardiac, cyclinE, Homo sapiens, Yb, DmelCG11121, Hek6, refractory macrocytic anemia due to 5q deletion, 5q deletion syndrome, method used in an experiment, l(3)SG36, resistance, Mass, Studies, Cdi7, CDI7, disease or disorder, Screening, Cek6, Endo, Antemortem, unilobular nucleated, millimeters of mercury, Medical, Enterprises, spa2, Man, Technique, CG2706, valve, ENSMUSG00000074119, MAR, DNMT1, ERP, APUDoma, Erp, 5q syndrome, doubled, anatomical systems, somda, medea, CYCE, DNMT1_HUMAN, Longterm, DmelCG3938, CyclE, dysfunction, Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor EPH-2, 3938, Engr, Long-Term, Diagnoses and Examinations, IGFBP9, DmcycE, Public Enterprises, E(zen)3, Solution, oral vestibule, non-neoplastic, Study, l(2)k05007, SMAD4, AI528660, API6, Kiaa4053, dm-cycE, Abstract, 2.7.10.1, L10, Clients, Etrp, Diastolic, pharyngeal valve, Herz und Gefaesssystem, Nav1.6, disorder, site, Smad4, Long-Term Effect, NAT1, Enterprise, oral fissure, HHT1, Circulatory System, NET, Net, Drl, DNA MTase HsaI, TP53I7, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1, Engrailed/Invected, Staffs, Antemortem Diagnoses, C130099E04Rik, findings, CG9015, Edg, whole blood, 弁 (Japanese, DmelCG2706, disorders, DNMT, EPH tyrosine kinase 2, DXS648, l(3)11m-254, medical condition, function, MCMT, neuroendocrine tumor, Client, net, Examination and Diagnoses, Mdu, presence., futurology, count in organism, l(2)k02514, DmCycE, IGFBP-9, mda, Mass Screenings, Public, STL5, MED, DNA methyltransferase HsaI, Pressure, Long Term Effects, 153867_at, condition, spt, CyeE, buccal cavity, ami, CG1775, Data Base, CXXC9, l(2)k02602, Systolic Pressure, CT-2, med, THBS5, l(2)35Dd, Cardiac Outputs, patient, pathophysiology, l(3)SG70, CG18657, CXXC-type zinc finger protein 9, Longterm Effects, plan specification, D-CycE, NaCh6, circulatory system, Pulse, Pressures, Rima oris, Therapeutic, EPHT2, Modern Man, cardinality, EG:95B7.8, Apa, Treatment, 2600013D04Rik, PN4, ORW1, l(3)XIIm137, CG3938, netrin A, CLEC2C, m.HsaIVentricular, anatomical systems, vestibulum oris, 弁 (Japanese, Oral part of face, mouth cavity, Mouth, valva (Spanish, adult mouth, oral vestibule, Oral region, cavitas oris, exact), Rima oris, pharyngeal valve, vestibule of mouth, anatomische Mund, cavum oris, Inclusive, anatomical valve., oral cavity, oral fissure, buccal cavity, Including, valvefalseSmith2004_CVS_human This a model from the article: Minimal haemodynamic system model including ventricular interaction and valve dynamics. Smith BW, Chase JG, Nokes RI, Shaw GM, Wake G. Med Eng Phys 2004 Mar;26(2):131-9 15036180 , Abstract: Characterising circulatory dysfunction and choosing a suitable treatment is often difficult and time consuming, and can result in a deterioration in patient condition, or unsuitable therapy choices. A stable minimal model of the human cardiovascular system (CVS) is developed with the ultimate specific aim of assisting medical staff for rapid, on site modelling to assist in diagnosis and treatment. Models found in the literature simulate specific areas of the CVS with limited direct usefulness to medical staff. Others model the full CVS as a closed loop system, but they were found to be very complex, difficult to solve, or unstable. This paper develops a model that uses a minimal number of governing equations with the primary goal of accurately capturing trends in the CVS dynamics in a simple, easily solved, robust model. The model is shown to have long term stability and consistency with non-specific initial conditions as a result. An "open on pressure close on flow" valve law is created to capture the effects of inertia and the resulting dynamics of blood flow through the cardiac valves. An accurate, stable solution is performed using a method that varies the number of states in the model depending on the specific phase of the cardiac cycle, better matching the real physiological conditions. Examples of results include a 9% drop in cardiac output when increasing the thoracic pressure from -4 to 0 mmHg, and an increase in blood pressure from 120/80 to 165/130 mmHg when the systemic resistance is doubled. These results show that the model adequately provides appropriate magnitudes and trends that are in agreement with existing data for a variety of physiologically verified test cases simulating human CVS function. This model was taken from the CellML repository and automatically converted to SBML. The original model was: Smith BW, Chase JG, Nokes RI, Shaw GM, Wake G. (2004) - version=1.0 The original CellML model was created by: Geoffrey Nunns gnunns1@jhu.edu The University of Auckland This model originates from BioModels Database: A Database of Annotated Published Models. It is copyright (c) 2005-2011 The BioModels.net Team. To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain Dedication for more information. In summary, you are entitled to use this encoded model in absolutely any manner you deem suitable, verbatim, or with modification, alone or embedded it in a larger context, redistribute it, commercially or not, in a restricted way or not.. To cite BioModels Database, please use: Li C, Donizelli M, Rodriguez N, Dharuri H, Endler L, Chelliah V, Li L, He E, Henry A, Stefan MI, Snoep JL, Hucka M, Le Novère N, Laibe C (2010) BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource for published quantitative kinetic models. BMC Syst Biol., 4:92. 2010-09-272005-01-012010-06-23MODEL100623000015036180MODEL1006230000GO:00030139606