{"database":"BioModels","file_versions":[{"headers":{"Content-Type":["application/json"]},"body":{"files":{"Pdf":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000.pdf"],"Owl":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000-biopax2.owl","https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000-biopax3.owl"],"Svg":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000.svg"],"Xml":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000_urn.xml","https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000_url.xml"],"Other":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000.vcml","https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000.xpp","https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000.sci","https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000.png","https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL1504010000?filename=MODEL1504010000.m"]},"type":"primary"},"statusCode":"OK","statusCodeValue":200}],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Lei Huang"],"curationStatus":["Non-curated"],"modellingApproach":["ordinary differential equation model"],"levelVersion":["L2V4"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/MODEL1504010000"],"publication_pubmed":["25009227"],"isPrivate":["false"],"repository":["BioModels"],"modelFormat":["SBML"],"omics_type":["Models"],"tokenised_name":["Shestov2014   aerobic glycolysis"],"publication_year":["2014"],"submissionId":["MODEL1504010000"],"publication_authors":["Alexander A Shestov, Xiaojing Liu, Zheng Ser, Ahmad A Cluntun, Yin P Hung, Lei Huang, Dongsung Kim, Anne Le, Gary Yellen, John G Albeck, Jason W Locasale"],"first_author":["Alexander A Shestov"],"publication":["25009227,\n                            Aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg Effect (WE) is characterized by the increased metabolism of glucose to lactate. It remains unknown what quantitative changes to the activity of metabolism are necessary and sufficient for this phenotype. We developed a computational model of glycolysis and an integrated analysis using metabolic control analysis (MCA), metabolomics data, and statistical simulations. We identified and confirmed a novel mode of regulation specific to aerobic glycolysis where flux through GAPDH, the enzyme separating lower and upper glycolysis, is the rate-limiting step in the pathway and the levels of fructose (1,6) bisphosphate (FBP), are predictive of the rate and control points in glycolysis. Strikingly, negative flux control was found and confirmed for several steps thought to be rate-limiting in glycolysis. Together, these findings enumerate the biochemical determinants of the WE and suggest strategies for identifying the contexts in which agents that target glycolysis might be most effective.. null, 3.\n                            Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States."],"submitter_mail":["lh389@cornell.edu"],"submitter_affiliation":["Cornell University"],"pubmed_abstract":["Aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg Effect (WE) is characterized by the increased metabolism of glucose to lactate. It remains unknown what quantitative changes to the activity of metabolism are necessary and sufficient for this phenotype. We developed a computational model of glycolysis and an integrated analysis using metabolic control analysis (MCA), metabolomics data, and statistical simulations. We identified and confirmed a novel mode of regulation specific to aerobic glycolysis where flux through GAPDH, the enzyme separating lower and upper glycolysis, is the rate-limiting step in the pathway and the levels of fructose (1,6) bisphosphate (FBP), are predictive of the rate and control points in glycolysis. Strikingly, negative flux control was found and confirmed for several steps thought to be rate-limiting in glycolysis. Together, these findings enumerate the biochemical determinants of the WE and suggest strategies for identifying the contexts in which agents that target glycolysis might be most effective."],"pubmed_title":["Quantitative determinants of aerobic glycolysis identify flux through the enzyme GAPDH as a limiting step."],"pubmed_authors":["Shestov Alexander A AA, Liu Xiaojing X, Ser Zheng Z, Cluntun Ahmad A AA, Hung Yin P YP, Huang Lei L, Kim Dongsung D, Le Anne A, Yellen Gary G, Albeck John G JG, Locasale Jason W JW"],"name_synonyms":["Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway, Pathway, glycolysis, Embden Meyerhof Pathway, modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway, anaerobic glycolysis, Embden-Meyerhof pathway., Embden-Meyerhof, Pathways, Embden-Meyerhof Pathway, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, Embden-Meyerhof Pathways, Embden Meyerhof Parnas Pathway"],"pubmed_abstract_synonyms":["biochemical pathways, Dehydrogenases, L-Lactic Acid, Metabolic Process, Activity, determination, Glukose, Metabolic Concepts, 2-Hydroxy-, Metabonomic, Embden-Meyerhof, Monohydrate, D-Lactic Acid, Metabonomics, (DL)-Isomer, Embden Meyerhof Parnas Pathway, prevention, Social Controls, HEL-S-162eP, D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, GADPH, Levulosa Mein, CG8893, 38 kDa BFA-dependent ADP-ribosylation substrate, GRP1, Dextrose, Grp1, FOLR, symptoms, Concepts, Embden-Meyerhof Pathway, Glyceraldehydephosphate, Metabolism Concept, Phenomenon, prevention and control, Formal Social Controls, adult, increased, arabino-Hexulose, Fubp4, reference sample, catabolism, 2-Hydroxypropionic Acid, Gapd, PTPSTEP, Pathways, metabolic process resulting in cell growth, Fruktose, Placental folate-binding protein, Fruchtzucker, L Lactic Acid, DL-glucose, Social, preventive measures, glucose, BARS-38, l(2)k08110, GAPD, biotransformation, Phosphoglyceraldehyde, Catabolism, DmelCG8893, Triosephosphate, GPH, Sarcolactic Acid, Adult folate-binding protein, screening, Levulose, FR-P3, Pathway, preventive therapy, Levulosa, Levulosado Vitulia, Process, metabolism resulting in cell growth, anaerobic glycolysis, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, CDABP0047, Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH, Levulosado Braun, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway, OK/SW-cl.12, FUSE-binding protein 1, BETA-HFR, 3.1.3.48, Embden-Meyerhof pathway., secretion, GAP, (alpha-D)-Isomer, FR-alpha, D Lactic Acid, D-Glucose, Step, CG11628, Levulosa Baxter, 2-Hydroxypropanoic Acid, Control, signs, b-lactate, Striatum-enriched protein-tyrosine phosphatase, Glyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase, Controls, Embden-Meyerhof pathway, Phenotypes, FBP|PL-1, glycolysis, D Glucose, STEP, Biocatalyst, 2.6.99.-, Glucose Monohydrate, Regulation, Embden-Meyerhof Pathways, Levulosa Braun, accessory, Levulosado Bieffe Medit, 1.2.1.12, gluco-hexose, Regulations, Ammonium, GRP1/cytohesin 1, Fru, Fleboplast, Glucose, Processes, Dehydrogenase, Biocatalysts, GAPDH II, Plast Apyr Levulosa Mein, 2 Hydroxypropionic Acid, number, Gapdh13F, Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase, FBP, Metabolic Processes, beta-lactate, supernumerary, presence, Propanoic Acid, CG11633, cytohesin/GRP1, (2S)-, Apir Levulosa, FR-BETA, Metabolism, modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway, Fleboplast Levulosa, Metabolomic, Metabolism Phenomena, MeCH(OH)CO2 anion, Tsga2, GA3PDH, l(2)SH2 0323, Metabolic Concept, Ammonium Lactate, Levulosa Grifols, Folate receptor 2, Folate receptor 1, GAPDH2, Ovarian tumor-associated antigen MOv18, Fubp, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Enzyme, Gapdh-2, Neural-specific protein-tyrosine phosphatase, D3Ertd330e, MCA, 9530027K12Rik, KB cells FBP, 2-hydroxypropionate, Anhydrous, FUBP, Controlled, Lactate, Controlling, 2 Hydroxypropanoic Acid, findings, Embden Meyerhof Pathway, (beta-D)-Isomer, degradation, Triosephosphate Dehydrogenase, Formal Social Control, ion(1-), stepk, Folate receptor, RAB-14, Concept, Metabolic Phenomena, Metabolism Concepts, count in organism, Apir, Social Control, Gapdh, chemical analysis, Phenomena, DNA helicase V, Phosphoglyceraldehyde Dehydrogenase, metabolism, l(2)SH0323, GAPDH, Metabolic Phenomenon, CYH1, multicellular organism metabolic process, biodegradation, Metabolic, increased number, prophylaxis, FR-beta, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, Anhydrous Dextrose, DmelCG11628, Levulosa Ife, G3PD, present in greater numbers in organism, (2R)-, control, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, regulation, fetal|placental, assay, Levulosa Ibys, General activity, hDH V, Anabolism, Glc"],"description_synonyms":["Desc, DESCR., Description, Descriptive, Descriptor, description, Product Description/Appearance"],"pubmed_title_synonyms":["Dehydrogenases, Pathway, Embden Meyerhof Pathway, GRP1/cytohesin 1, Triosephosphate Dehydrogenase, Biocatalysts, Dehydrogenase, GAPDH II, number, anaerobic glycolysis, Embden-Meyerhof, Gapdh13F, Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase, stepk, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, CDABP0047, Embden Meyerhof Parnas Pathway, presence, Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH, HEL-S-162eP, D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase, CG11633, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway, cytohesin/GRP1, count in organism, GADPH, OK/SW-cl.12, CG8893, Gapdh, 38 kDa BFA-dependent ADP-ribosylation substrate, GRP1, modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway, Grp1, 3.1.3.48, Phosphoglyceraldehyde Dehydrogenase, Embden-Meyerhof Pathway, Glyceraldehydephosphate, GAP, l(2)SH0323, GAPDH, CYH1, Step, CG11628, Gapd, GA3PDH, PTPSTEP, l(2)SH2 0323, Pathways, Striatum-enriched protein-tyrosine phosphatase, Glyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase, GAPDH2, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, DmelCG11628., Embden-Meyerhof pathway, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate, G3PD, BARS-38, Enzyme, Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Gapdh-2, glycolysis, Neural-specific protein-tyrosine phosphatase, STEP, l(2)k08110, Biocatalyst, GAPD, 2.6.99.-, Phosphoglyceraldehyde, DmelCG8893, Embden-Meyerhof Pathways, Triosephosphate, 1.2.1.12, GPH"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Shestov2014 - aerobic glycolysis","description":"No description","dates":{"last_modification":"2015-04-14","publication":"2015-04-15","submission":"2015-04-01"},"accession":"MODEL1504010000","cross_references":{"pubmed":["25009227"],"biomodels__db":["MODEL1504010000"]}}