BioModelsapplication/xmlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/model/download/MODEL2201250001?filename=Ploentzke2021_potassium_cow.xmlprimary200OKJulia PlöntzkeNon-curatedordinary differential equation modelL2V4https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/MODEL2201250001falseBioModelsSBMLModelsPotassium balance in dairy cows, model update 20212022MODEL2201250001Plöntzke J, Berg M, Ehrig R, Leonhard-Marek S, Müller KE, Röblitz SPlöntzke J10.1038/s41598-022-22596-0, Hypokalemia in dairy cows, which is characterized by too low serum potassium levels, is a severe mineral disorder that can be life threatening. In this paper, we explore different originating conditions of hypokalemia-reduced potassium intake, increased excretion, acid-base disturbances, and increased insulin-by using a dynamic mathematical model for potassium balance in non-lactating and lactating cows. The simulations confirm observations described in literature. They illustrate, for example, that changes in dietary intake or excretion highly effect intracellular potassium levels, whereas extracellular levels vary only slightly. Simulations also show that the higher the potassium content in the diet, the more potassium is excreted with urine. Application of the mathematical model assists in experimental planning and therefore contributes to the 3R strategy: reduction, refinement and replacement of animal experiments.. 1, 12. Zuse Institute Berlin, Takustr. 7, 14195, Berlin, Germany.ploentzke@zib.de10.1038/s41598-022-22596-0Zuse Institute BerlinTaurine, Yak, potassium, Beef Cows, Cows, K, kalium, Taurus Cattles, Bos indicus Cattles, Kalium, Domestic Cow, Holstein Cow, Taurus Cattle, Dairy Cow, Cattle, Taurine Cattles, Domestic, Dairy, potasio, Indicine, Bos indicus, Taurine Cattle, Dairy Cows, Update., Beef, 19K, Bos grunniens, Beef Cow, Cow, Bos taurus, Taurus, Indicine Cattle, Zebu, Indicine Cattles, Zebus, Bos indicus Cattle, Yaks, Holstein, Cattles, Domestic CowsTaurine, Derived, Food Patterns, dp53, potassium deficiency disorder, Taurus Cattle, hydrates de carbone, Dependence, potasio, Dairy Cows, glucide, betaTub3, Tp53, Domestic Cows., carbohydrates, hypopotassemia, DMP53, Dependency, glucido, bbl, Mathematical Derivation, Dmp53, excretion, Yak, 1323/07, Kohlenhydrate, Cows, BCC7, K, Domestic Cow, beta-Tub6D, Dairy Cow, dmp53, T, alkali, DmP53, 1422/04, Domestic, Beef, Based, Food, B3t, DmelCG3401, Replaced, Dp53, urinary aspects, DERIVED, Zebus, CG17117, Parameter, Parameter Value, p50/tubulin, Dependent Dressing, CG10873, Beef Cows, gram/h, Programming Parameter, Taurus Cattles, saccharides, Cattle, Derived Flag, Indicine, Bos indicus, 3t, Electrical Current, Population Parameter, Bos taurus, CURRENT, SKAR, bfy, Yaks, Holstein, Tub60D, Kohlenhydrat, HTH, Hth, Hypopotassemias, saccharidum, Adapt, g/h, beta-tub, Derivation, Stimulation, Kalium, DmelCG33336, CG3401, beta3Tub, beta3TUB, carbohidratos, DTB3, Dependent for Toilet Use, carbohidrato, Stimulating, hth1, hth2, Dietary Patterns, Replacement, Taurus, Base, P53, p44, bhy, p46, Zebu, a carbohydrate, Bos indicus Cattle, glucidos, CG31325, betaTub, base, Contingent, VAL, beta[[3]]-Tub, DmelCG17117, Gram per Hour, p50, Conditional, kalium, carbohydrate, Contingency, p53, saccharide, 143391_i_at, beta3 TU, fastening fasteners) with help, LFS1, Patterns, excreted substance, dependent, l(3)05745, 19K, Dressing (includes tying shoes, Publication, alkalinity, Diets, Stimulated, Indicine Cattles, anon-EST:Liang-2.13, Current, Modification, urinary levels, clone 2.13, Bathes with Help, Food Pattern, D.m.BETA-60D, S6K1 Aly|REF-like target, Dairy, Taurine Cattle, Pattern, 46 kDa DNA polymerase delta interaction protein, Trp53, PERFORMED, Beef Cow, Cow, betaTub60C, beta3-tubulin, beta[[3]]-tubulin, TRP53, Dietary Pattern, beta-Tub60D, Perform, Adapted, Dmbeta3, Dm-HTH, waste substance, Dependent, Bos indicus Cattles, Holstein Cow, BETA 60D, prac, beta3t, beta3-Tub, portion of excreted substance, Taurine Cattles, Conditionality, Xp53, Bos grunniens, DRVFL, p53/tubulin, Low blood potassium levels, Bathing self with help, Input Parameter, beta[[3]] tubulin, Hypopotassemia, glucides, Cattles, Performed, Basic, CG33336, Modified, potassium, Argument, PARM, Hypokalemias, Dietary, D-p53, Basis, beta60C, Dm-P53, l(3)86Ca, Changed, parameter, beta3, Carbohydrate, dtl, Dresses with Help, Derived Value, Tub, Meis1, Equation, Change, betatub60D, Population Measure, Dependent Bathing, DER, REPLACEMENT, Indicine CattlefalsePotassium balance in dairy cows, model update 2021 This updated model is derived from MODEL1710230000 here on Biomodels. In the current version we changed 2 parameter values and the rate equation Keku. Parameter p46, carbohydrate fraction in diet, was changed from 0.08 to 0.3, and parameter p53, basic potassium excretion with urine in the rate KeKu, was changed from 0.01 to 0.25 g/h. The linear dependency of the rate KeKu on Kecf was replaced by a threshold-dependent stimulation. In the corresponding publication we used this model to perform experiments on hypokalemia in cows. 2022-11-192022-11-212022-01-25MODEL2201250001MODEL171023000010.1038/s41598-022-22596-0