biostudies-arrayexpressUnknownTranscriptomicsGenomicsProteomicskenzaburo tanitranscription profiling by arrayMus musculusMus musculushttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/E-GEOD-53444Novel therapies targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs), which play critical roles in chemo- and radio-resistance, metastasis, and possibly resistance against cancer immunotherapy including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines, may provide beneficial clinical outcomes. Here, we used syngeneic immunocompetent mice that allowed precise evaluation of the immunogenicity of the side population (SP) isolated from 4T1 murine breast carcinoma (4T1-SP) cells as putative CSCs. 4T1-SP cells showed various stem cell properties including high capacities for colony formation and tumorigenicity as well as high expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor that are inductive of immune tolerance. Despite these progressive malignant characteristics of 4T1-SP cells, subcutaneous injection of non-transmissible Sendai virus-mediated GM-CSF gene-transduced 4T1-SP (4T1-SP/GM) cells remarkably impaired their tumorigenicity compared with that of the controls. This impairment of tumorigenicity was partially dependent on CD8+ T cells in concert with CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells. Notably, therapeutic vaccinations using irradiated 4T1-SP/GM cells markedly suppressed tumor development of subcutaneously transplanted 4T1-SP cells compared with that of the controls including irradiated 4T1-non-SP/GM cells. Tumor suppression was accompanied by robust accumulation of mature dendritic cells at vaccination sites and systemic Th1-based cellular immunity. Moreover, vaccinations comprising primary 4T1-SP cells isolated from transplanted 4T1-SP tumors elicited antitumor effects. cDNA microarray analysis showed that 4T1-SP cells predominantly expressed genes of cancer-related antigens including cancer/testis antigens. Collectively, we demonstrate that SP cell-based vaccinations induce effective antitumor immunity that may improve the efficacy of SP cell-based immunotherapy. Gene expression profiles were compared between sorted 4T1-SP and 4T1-NSP cells.biostudies-arrayexpressLabeling - cRNA was amplified and labelled using a Low input Quick Amp Labelling Kit (Agilent Technologies).Nucleic Acid Extraction - Total RNA was isolated from tissues using TRIzol Reagent (nitrogen) and purified using SV Total RNA Isolation System (Promega)Scaning - The hybridized microarray slides were scanned using an Agilent scanner. The relative hybridization intensities and background hybridization values were calculated using Feature Extraction Software version 9.5.1.1 (Agilent Technologies).Hybridization - cRNA was hybridized to a 44K 60-mer oligomicroarray (SurePrint G3 Mouse Gene Expression Microarray 8×60K ; Agilent Technologies) according to the manufacturer's instructions.MIAME ScoreRaw DataOrganizationAssays and DataProcessed DataMAGE-TAB FilesArray DesignsTomotoshi MarumotoShohei MiyamotoYumiko MatsumuraMakoto InoueMamoru Hasegawakenzaburo taniYoichi NakanishiAyumi WatanabeAtsushi TakahashiMegumi NarusawaHiroyuki InoueYosuke YokotaKenzaburo TaniChika SakamotoKoichi TakayamaData Transformation - The scanned images were analyzed with Feature Extraction Software 9.5.1.1 (Agilent) using default parameters to obtain background subtracted and spatially detrended Processed Signal intensities. The raw signal intensities and flags for each probe were calculated from the hybridization intensities and spot information according to the procedures recommended by Agilent Technologies using the Flag criteria in the GeneSpring Software. In addition, the raw signal intensities of two samples were log2-transformed and normalized by the quantile algorithm with the Bioconductor. ID_REF = VALUE = quantile normalized signal, non-log scaled CALL =falseGene expression profiling of 4T1-SP and 4T1-NSP cellsNovel therapies targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs), which play critical roles in chemo- and radio-resistance, metastasis, and possibly resistance against cancer immunotherapy including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene-transduced tumor cell vaccines, may provide beneficial clinical outcomes. Here, we used syngeneic immunocompetent mice that allowed precise evaluation of the immunogenicity of the side population (SP) isolated from 4T1 murine breast carcinoma (4T1-SP) cells as putative CSCs. 4T1-SP cells showed various stem cell properties including high capacities for colony formation and tumorigenicity as well as high expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor that are inductive of immune tolerance. Despite these progressive malignant characteristics of 4T1-SP cells, subcutaneous injection of non-transmissible Sendai virus-mediated GM-CSF gene-transduced 4T1-SP (4T1-SP/GM) cells remarkably impaired their tumorigenicity compared with that of the controls. This impairment of tumorigenicity was partially dependent on CD8+ T cells in concert with CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells. Notably, therapeutic vaccinations using irradiated 4T1-SP/GM cells markedly suppressed tumor development of subcutaneously transplanted 4T1-SP cells compared with that of the controls including irradiated 4T1-non-SP/GM cells. Tumor suppression was accompanied by robust accumulation of mature dendritic cells at vaccination sites and systemic Th1-based cellular immunity. Moreover, vaccinations comprising primary 4T1-SP cells isolated from transplanted 4T1-SP tumors elicited antitumor effects. cDNA microarray analysis showed that 4T1-SP cells predominantly expressed genes of cancer-related antigens including cancer/testis antigens. Collectively, we demonstrate that SP cell-based vaccinations induce effective antitumor immunity that may improve the efficacy of SP cell-based immunotherapy. Gene expression profiles were compared between sorted 4T1-SP and 4T1-NSP cells.2014-04-01T00:00:00Z2023-09-07T01:53:40.327Z2021-10-04T17:18:10ZE-GEOD-53444GSE53444EFO_0002768