biostudies-arrayexpressGadus morhuahttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/E-MTAB-12762Estrogens regulate many reproductive processes in fish and other vertebrates. In fish, the pituitary and liver are among the main sites of action of estrogens in the reproductive brain-pituitary-gonadal-hepatic axis. Environmental contaminants with estrogenic compounds acting at these organs have the potential to interfere with the reproductive processes in fish. In this work, RNA-seq analysis was performed to map estrogen and xenoestrogen target genes in the juvenile female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after 72 h exposure to estrogenic compounds ethynylestradiol (EE2), and the xenoestrogens bisphenol A (BPA) and methoxychlor (MXC). Our results show that, in the pituitary, EE2 and the xenoestrogens modulated many genes and pathways related to reproduction (such as hormone synthesis, hormonal signaling), metabolic homeostasis, and cell differentiation and proliferation. The xenoestrogens BPA and MXC had similar effect as EE2 on the top differentially expressed genes, suggesting their potential to disrupt pituitary functions.biostudies-arrayexpressLibrary Construction - RNA samples from individual pituitary samples (0.4 μg total RNA per sample) were sequenced according to Illumina TruSeq® Stranded mRNA Sample Preparation Guide on Illumina HiSeq 4000 (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA).Nucleic Acid Extraction - Total RNA extraction from each frozen pituitary was performed using TRI Reagent (Sigma) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. The concentration and quality of total RNA was assessed using a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA), and the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). For experiment 1, a total of 40 pituitary samples (n = 4-6 per group) were analyzed. RNA sequencing was performed at the Genomics Core Facility at the University of Bergen, as previously described (Yadetie et al., 2018).Sample Collection - Atlantic cod (G. morhua) were purchased from Havbruksstasjonen in Tromsø AS (Nofima, Tromsø, Norway) and kept in 500 L tanks in 10°C, 34 ppt seawater with a 12 h light/l2 h dark cycle at the Industrial and Aquatic Laboratory (Bergen, Norway). The fish, approximately 1.5 years old, body weight (bw) 332  69g (mean  standard deviation/) were fed with a commercial diet (Amber Neptune, Skretting, Stavanger, Norway) until the start of the treatment. The fish were not fed during exposure. In this experiment (Experiment 1), the exposure groups consisted of vehicle control, low, medium or high doses of each of EE2, BPA and MXC. Each of the compounds EE2, BPA and MXC were dissolved in vehicle (1% DMSO, 25% kolliphor in PBS) and injected at low, medium or high doses of EE2: 10, 50 or 250 nanomole (nmol)/kg body weight (bw); BPA: 8, or 40 micromole (μmol)/kg bw; and MXC: 8 or 40 μmol/kg bw. Sampling was performed 3 days after injection by killing the fish with a blow to the head. Biometric data, body weight, liver weight, gonadal weight, body length, and sex were registered. After dissection of each fish, a small piece pf liver tissue was sampled and the whole pituitary gland was dissected and snap-frozen individually in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C until RNA extraction.Sequencing - Illumina TruSeq® Stranded mRNA Sample Preparation Guide on Illumina HiSeq 4000 (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) to generate approximately 50 million 75 bp paired-end reads per sample.MINSEQE ScoreAssays and DataorganisationMAGE-TAB FilesMetabolomicsUnknownTranscriptomicsGenomicsProteomicsIllumina HiSeq 4000RNA-seq of coding RNAGadus morhuaERP145592Fekadu YadetiefalseEstrogen and xenoestrogen modulated transcriptome in the pituitary of juvenile female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)Estrogens regulate many reproductive processes in fish and other vertebrates. In fish, the pituitary and liver are among the main sites of action of estrogens in the reproductive brain-pituitary-gonadal-hepatic axis. Environmental contaminants with estrogenic compounds acting at these organs have the potential to interfere with the reproductive processes in fish. In this work, RNA-seq analysis was performed to map estrogen and xenoestrogen target genes in the juvenile female Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after 72 h exposure to estrogenic compounds ethynylestradiol (EE2), and the xenoestrogens bisphenol A (BPA) and methoxychlor (MXC). Our results show that, in the pituitary, EE2 and the xenoestrogens modulated many genes and pathways related to reproduction (such as hormone synthesis, hormonal signaling), metabolic homeostasis, and cell differentiation and proliferation. The xenoestrogens BPA and MXC had similar effect as EE2 on the top differentially expressed genes, suggesting their potential to disrupt pituitary functions.2025-12-31T00:00:00Z2025-12-31T02:02:12.821Z2023-03-10T12:39:09.252ZE-MTAB-12762ERP145592EFO_0002944EFO_0004170EFO_0005518EFO_0003738EFO_0004184