biostudies-arrayexpressMian FengEquus caballushttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/E-MTAB-16558Thoroughbred horses were assigned to one or more of three cohorts representing distinct exercise states: untrained at rest (UR, n = 94), untrained four hours post-exercise (UE, n = 71), and at rest following six months of training (TR, n = 65). Fifty horses were sampled in both the UR and UE groups, 32 were shared between the UR and TR groups, and 25 overlapped between the UE and TR groups; 18 horses were sampled at all three time points. Horses were classified as untrained or trained based on their prior exercise workload, as described previously [27]. Untrained horses had completed fewer than five work days (WDs; high-intensity exercise) before sampling, whereas trained horses had completed an average of 17.1 WDs (standard deviation, SD = 8.2).biostudies-arrayexpressNucleic Acid Extraction - Total RNA was extracted from approximately 70 mg tissue, using a protocol combining TRIzol reagent (Thermo Fisher, Massachusetts, United States), DNase treatment (RNase free DNase) (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and RNeasy Mini-Kit (Qiagen).RNA was quantified using a Nano Drop ND1000 spectrophotometer V 3.5.27 and RNA quality and purity were assessed using the 18S/28S ratio and RNA integrity number (RIN) on an Agilent Bioanalyser with the RNA 6000 Nano LabChip kit6 (Agilent, Cork, Ireland).Library Construction - Indexed, strand specific Illumina sequencing libraries were prepared using the TruSeq Stranded mRNA Library Preparation Kit LT (Illumina, San Diego, United States).Sequencing - Libraries were pooled with ten indexed libraries per pool and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 using Rapid Run flow cell and reagents (Illumina).Dual lane load^Bing was employed, meaning a single pool was loaded across both lanes of the flow cell. Each pool was sequenced on one flow cell (two lanes). Sequencing was performed in a 2 M-CM-^W 100 bp paired end (PE100) format.Sample Collection - Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies (approx. 300 mg) were obtained from the ventral compartment of the middle gluteal muscle from standing unsedated horses using a previously described method [53] and preserved in RNAlater (Thermo Fisher, Massachusetts, United States).OrganizationMINSEQE ScoreAssays and DataProcessed DataMAGE-TAB FilesData Transformation - Raw read counts were initially normalised using the Trimmed Mean of M-values (TMM) method with the edgeR (v3.36.0) package. Following normalisation, the counts were subjected to inverse-normal transformation across samples. Genes with a transcript per million (TPM) normalised count > 0.1 in at least 20% of the samples were selected.MetabolomicsUnknownTranscriptomicsGenomicsProteomicsIllumina HiSeq 2500University College Dublin Animal Research Ethics Committee approval, a licence from the Department of Health (B100/3525) and explicit owner/trainer informed consent were obtained for the use of all horses and procedures in this study.RNA-seq of coding RNAEquus caballusMian FengfalseIntegrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses identify functionally relevant causal genes for exercise in a large animal modelThoroughbred horses were assigned to one or more of three cohorts representing distinct exercise states: untrained at rest (UR, n = 94), untrained four hours post-exercise (UE, n = 71), and at rest following six months of training (TR, n = 65). Fifty horses were sampled in both the UR and UE groups, 32 were shared between the UR and TR groups, and 25 overlapped between the UE and TR groups; 18 horses were sampled at all three time points. Horses were classified as untrained or trained based on their prior exercise workload, as described previously [27]. Untrained horses had completed fewer than five work days (WDs; high-intensity exercise) before sampling, whereas trained horses had completed an average of 17.1 WDs (standard deviation, SD = 8.2).2026-05-18T00:00:00Z2026-05-18T12:04:18.116Z2026-01-21T15:46:13.157ZE-MTAB-16558ERP188003E-MTAB-5447EFO_0002944EFO_0004170EFO_0005518EFO_0003816EFO_0003738EFO_0004184