biostudies-literatureAng AKRJapan Society for the Promotion of Science368-378https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10000799biostudies-literatureUnknown30(Pt 2)X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) is a powerful atomic resolution technique capable of directly imaging the local atomic structure around atoms of a target element within a material. Although it is theoretically possible to use XFH to study the local structures of metal clusters in large protein crystals, the experiment has proven difficult to perform, especially on radiation-sensitive proteins. Here, the development of serial X-ray fluorescence holography to allow the direct recording of hologram patterns before the onset of radiation damage is reported. By combining a 2D hybrid detector and the serial data collection used in serial protein crystallography, the X-ray fluorescence hologram can be directly recorded in a fraction of the measurement time needed for conventional XFH measuremJournal of synchrotron radiationDevelopment of serial X-ray fluorescence holography for radiation-sensitive protein crystals.PMC100007992610500620H05881JP17H0637220H0588320H058842610500517H0521920H05878JP16KT0058Happo NKawamura NMarumi RAng AKRKimura KUmena YHayashi KMatsushita TShen JRSato-Tomita AYamamoto YSasaki YCShibayama NTakano YfalseDevelopment of serial X-ray fluorescence holography for radiation-sensitive protein crystals.X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) is a powerful atomic resolution technique capable of directly imaging the local atomic structure around atoms of a target element within a material. Although it is theoretically possible to use XFH to study the local structures of metal clusters in large protein crystals, the experiment has proven difficult to perform, especially on radiation-sensitive proteins. Here, the development of serial X-ray fluorescence holography to allow the direct recording of hologram patterns before the onset of radiation damage is reported. By combining a 2D hybrid detector and the serial data collection used in serial protein crystallography, the X-ray fluorescence hologram can be directly recorded in a fraction of the measurement time needed for conventional XFH measurem2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2025-04-04T03:35:31.882Z2025-04-04T03:35:31.882ZS-EPMC100007993689185010.1107/S1600577522011833