biostudies-literatureDel-Aguila-Mejia JInstituto de Salud Carlos III4356https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10001675biostudies-literatureUnknown20(5)Human mobility drives the geographical diffusion of infectious diseases at different scales, but few studies focus on mobility itself. Using publicly available data from Spain, we define a Mobility Matrix that captures constant flows between provinces by using a distance-like measure of effective distance to build a network model with the 52 provinces and 135 relevant edges. Madrid, Valladolid and Araba/Álaba are the most relevant nodes in terms of degree and strength. The shortest routes (most likely path between two points) between all provinces are calculated. A total of 7 mobility communities were found with a modularity of 63%, and a relationship was established with a cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in 14 days (CI14) during the study period. In conclusion, mobility patterns in SpainInternational journal of environmental research and public healthEpidemic Diffusion Network of Spain: A Mobility Model to Characterize the Transmission Routes of Disease.PMC10001675COV20-00881Garcia-Garcia DPenuelas MRosillo NRojas-Benedicto AGuerrero-Vadillo MDonado-Campos JMDel-Aguila-Mejia JRamis RGomez-Barroso DfalseEpidemic Diffusion Network of Spain: A Mobility Model to Characterize the Transmission Routes of Disease.Human mobility drives the geographical diffusion of infectious diseases at different scales, but few studies focus on mobility itself. Using publicly available data from Spain, we define a Mobility Matrix that captures constant flows between provinces by using a distance-like measure of effective distance to build a network model with the 52 provinces and 135 relevant edges. Madrid, Valladolid and Araba/Álaba are the most relevant nodes in terms of degree and strength. The shortest routes (most likely path between two points) between all provinces are calculated. A total of 7 mobility communities were found with a modularity of 63%, and a relationship was established with a cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in 14 days (CI14) during the study period. In conclusion, mobility patterns in Spain2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Feb2025-04-05T14:16:42.191Z2025-04-05T14:16:42.191ZS-EPMC100016753690136610.3390/ijerph20054356