biostudies-literatureUnknown2(10)Larsson ECFacing the threat of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines are important for limiting the spread and consequences of the pandemic. In this study, we provide a descriptive overview of the within-country variations of vaccine rates by examining to what extent voter turnout, support for an anti-establishment political party (Sweden Democrats), presence of first-generation immigrants, and Evangelical religiosity are associated with the within-country variation in vaccine uptake rates. We use official register data for municipality-level vaccine rates and municipality-level regressions with regional fixed effects. Our analyses show that vaccine uptake, on average, is lower in municipalities where the anti-establishment political party Sweden Democrats has higher vote shares and where a largerPLOS global public healthe0001204https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10022166biostudies-literatureVariations in vaccination uptake: COVID-19 vaccination rates in Swedish municipalities.PMC10022166Lundasen SWLarsson ECWittberg EfalseVariations in vaccination uptake: COVID-19 vaccination rates in Swedish municipalities.Facing the threat of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines are important for limiting the spread and consequences of the pandemic. In this study, we provide a descriptive overview of the within-country variations of vaccine rates by examining to what extent voter turnout, support for an anti-establishment political party (Sweden Democrats), presence of first-generation immigrants, and Evangelical religiosity are associated with the within-country variation in vaccine uptake rates. We use official register data for municipality-level vaccine rates and municipality-level regressions with regional fixed effects. Our analyses show that vaccine uptake, on average, is lower in municipalities where the anti-establishment political party Sweden Democrats has higher vote shares and where a larger2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-05T11:30:10.316Z2025-04-05T11:30:10.316ZS-EPMC100221663696258410.1371/journal.pgph.0001204