biostudies-literatureWen LGuangdong Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department, Guangdong Province)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology | Department of S and T for Social Development (Department of S&T for Social Development)National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)76https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10030554biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)Hydrogen energy is a zero-carbon replacement for fossil fuels. However, hydrogen is highly flammable and explosive hence timely sensitive leak detection is crucial. Existing optical sensing techniques rely on complex instruments, while electrical sensing techniques usually operate at high temperatures and biasing condition. In this paper an on-chip plasmonic-catalytic hydrogen sensing concept with a concentration detection limit down to 1 ppm is presented that is based on a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) nanojunction operating at room temperature and zero bias. The sensing signal of the device was enhanced by three orders of magnitude at a one-order of magnitude higher response speed compared to alternative non-plasmonic devices. The excellent performance is attributed to the hydrogenLight, science & applicationsOn-chip ultrasensitive and rapid hydrogen sensing based on plasmon-induced hot electron-molecule interaction.PMC100305542019YFB22034022021A0505030038, 2020B1515020037, 2022B1515020069, 2019QN01X12092050108, 62220106001Liu ZChen QWen LCumming DRSZheng QNan XLi BSun ZLou ZfalseOn-chip ultrasensitive and rapid hydrogen sensing based on plasmon-induced hot electron-molecule interaction.Hydrogen energy is a zero-carbon replacement for fossil fuels. However, hydrogen is highly flammable and explosive hence timely sensitive leak detection is crucial. Existing optical sensing techniques rely on complex instruments, while electrical sensing techniques usually operate at high temperatures and biasing condition. In this paper an on-chip plasmonic-catalytic hydrogen sensing concept with a concentration detection limit down to 1 ppm is presented that is based on a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) nanojunction operating at room temperature and zero bias. The sensing signal of the device was enhanced by three orders of magnitude at a one-order of magnitude higher response speed compared to alternative non-plasmonic devices. The excellent performance is attributed to the hydrogen2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2025-04-05T13:12:22.938Z2025-04-05T13:12:22.938ZS-EPMC100305543694461410.1038/s41377-023-01123-4