biostudies-literatureUnknown5(7)Murayama TTransparent tungsten trioxide thin films, which demonstrated visible-light (Vis-light)-induced superhydrophilicity, with thicknesses of 100-120 nm, adhesion strengths greater than 49 MPa, bandgap energies of 2.8-2.9 eV, and haze values of 0.4-0.5%, were fabricated using a solution-based process on quartz glass substrates. The precursor solution was prepared by dissolving a W<sup>6+</sup> complex salt isolated from a reacted solution of tungstic acid, citric acid, and dibutylamine in H<sub>2</sub>O, in ethanol. By heating the spin-coated films in air for 30 min at temperatures higher than 500 °C, crystallized WO<sub>3</sub> thin films were obtained. The O/W atomic ratio was evaluated to be 2.90, based on the peak area analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of the thin-film surNanoscale advances1990-1998https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10044916biostudies-literatureVisible-light-induced superhydrophilicity of crystallized WO<sub>3</sub> thin films fabricated by using a newly isolated W<sup>6+</sup> complex salt of citric acid.PMC10044916Nagai HMurayama TSato MYasui EfalseVisible-light-induced superhydrophilicity of crystallized WO<sub>3</sub> thin films fabricated by using a newly isolated W<sup>6+</sup> complex salt of citric acid.Transparent tungsten trioxide thin films, which demonstrated visible-light (Vis-light)-induced superhydrophilicity, with thicknesses of 100-120 nm, adhesion strengths greater than 49 MPa, bandgap energies of 2.8-2.9 eV, and haze values of 0.4-0.5%, were fabricated using a solution-based process on quartz glass substrates. The precursor solution was prepared by dissolving a W<sup>6+</sup> complex salt isolated from a reacted solution of tungstic acid, citric acid, and dibutylamine in H<sub>2</sub>O, in ethanol. By heating the spin-coated films in air for 30 min at temperatures higher than 500 °C, crystallized WO<sub>3</sub> thin films were obtained. The O/W atomic ratio was evaluated to be 2.90, based on the peak area analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of the thin-film sur2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2025-04-05T13:21:27.249Z2025-04-05T13:21:27.249ZS-EPMC100449163699865210.1039/d2na00717g