biostudies-literatureZgodic ANCBDD CDC HHSCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNIMH NIH HHSNIDCD NIH HHSNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication DisordersNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Institute of General Medical SciencesNIGMS NIH HHSNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities56-64https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10099151biostudies-literatureUnknown79<h4>Purpose</h4>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder often characterized by long-term impairments in family, academic, and social settings. Measuring the prevalence of ADHD is important as treatment options increase around the U.S. Prevalence data helps inform decisions by care providers, policymakers, and public health officials about allocating resources for ADHD. In addition, measuring geographic variation in prevalence estimates can facilitate hypothesis generation for future analytic work. Most U.S. studies of ADHD prevalence among children focus on national or demographic group rates.<h4>Methods</h4>Using a small area estimation approach and data from the 2016 to 2018 National Survey of Children's Health, we estimated childhood ADHD prevalence estimates at the census regional division, state, and county levels. The sample included approximately 70,000 children aged 5-17 years.<h4>Results</h4>The national ADHD rate was estimated to be 12.9% (95% Confidence Interval: 11.5%, 14.4%). Counties in the West South Central, East South Central, New England, and South Atlantic divisions had higher estimated rates of childhood ADHD (55.1%, 53.6%, 49.3%, and 46.2% of the counties had rates of 16% or greater, respectively) compared to counties in the Mountain, Mid Atlantic, West North Central, Pacific, and East North Central divisions (2.1%, 4%, 5.8%, 6.9%, and 11.7% of the counties had rates of 16% or greater, respectively).<h4>Conclusions</h4>These local-level rates are useful for decision-makers to target programs and direct sufficient ADHD resources based on communities' needs.Annals of epidemiologyCounty-level prevalence estimates of ADHD in children in the United States.PMC10099151K23MH120476T32GM081740R21 DC017252K23 MH120476T32 GM081740P20 GM1304205U19DD001218U19 DD001218R21DC071252Eberth JMMcLain ACBradshaw JZgodic AFederico AFlory KfalseCounty-level prevalence estimates of ADHD in children in the United States.<h4>Purpose</h4>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder often characterized by long-term impairments in family, academic, and social settings. Measuring the prevalence of ADHD is important as treatment options increase around the U.S. Prevalence data helps inform decisions by care providers, policymakers, and public health officials about allocating resources for ADHD. In addition, measuring geographic variation in prevalence estimates can facilitate hypothesis generation for future analytic work. Most U.S. studies of ADHD prevalence among children focus on national or demographic group rates.<h4>Methods</h4>Using a small area estimation approach and data from the 2016 to 2018 National Survey of Children's Health, we estimated childhood ADHD prevalence estimates at the census regional division, state, and county levels. The sample included approximately 70,000 children aged 5-17 years.<h4>Results</h4>The national ADHD rate was estimated to be 12.9% (95% Confidence Interval: 11.5%, 14.4%). Counties in the West South Central, East South Central, New England, and South Atlantic divisions had higher estimated rates of childhood ADHD (55.1%, 53.6%, 49.3%, and 46.2% of the counties had rates of 16% or greater, respectively) compared to counties in the Mountain, Mid Atlantic, West North Central, Pacific, and East North Central divisions (2.1%, 4%, 5.8%, 6.9%, and 11.7% of the counties had rates of 16% or greater, respectively).<h4>Conclusions</h4>These local-level rates are useful for decision-makers to target programs and direct sufficient ADHD resources based on communities' needs.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2025-06-27T03:05:22.532Z2025-04-07T04:32:21.556ZS-EPMC100991513665769410.1016/j.annepidem.2023.01.006