biostudies-literatureThoma VMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyTohoku University Research Program "Frontier Research in Duo"e2221493120https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10104569biostudies-literatureUnknown120(15)Food intake is regulated by internal state. This function is mediated by hormones and neuropeptides, which are best characterized in popular model species. However, the evolutionary origins of such feeding-regulating neuropeptides are poorly understood. We used the jellyfish <i>Cladonema</i> to address this question. Our combined transcriptomic, behavioral, and anatomical approaches identified GLWamide as a feeding-suppressing peptide that selectively inhibits tentacle contraction in this jellyfish. In the fruit fly <i>Drosophila</i>, myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) is a related satiety peptide. Surprisingly, we found that GLWamide and MIP were fully interchangeable in these evolutionarily distant species for feeding suppression. Our results suggest that the satiety signaling systems of diverse animals share an ancient origin.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaOn the origin of appetite: GLWamide in jellyfish represents an ancestral satiety neuropeptide.PMC10104569N/AKAKENHI 20K15838KAKENHI 20H00519KAKENHI 17F17092Kondo SSakai STanimoto HThoma VAbe ADeguchi RIshii YKawata MHamada SNagata KMaruyama SfalseOn the origin of appetite: GLWamide in jellyfish represents an ancestral satiety neuropeptide.Food intake is regulated by internal state. This function is mediated by hormones and neuropeptides, which are best characterized in popular model species. However, the evolutionary origins of such feeding-regulating neuropeptides are poorly understood. We used the jellyfish <i>Cladonema</i> to address this question. Our combined transcriptomic, behavioral, and anatomical approaches identified GLWamide as a feeding-suppressing peptide that selectively inhibits tentacle contraction in this jellyfish. In the fruit fly <i>Drosophila</i>, myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) is a related satiety peptide. Surprisingly, we found that GLWamide and MIP were fully interchangeable in these evolutionarily distant species for feeding suppression. Our results suggest that the satiety signaling systems of diverse animals share an ancient origin.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Apr2026-05-29T01:49:18.447Z2025-02-18T23:59:37.579ZS-EPMC101045693701119210.1073/pnas.2221493120