biostudies-literatureUnknown14Mashabela MDNational Research FoundationPlant-microbe interactions are a phenomenal display of symbiotic/parasitic relationships between living organisms. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are some of the most widely investigated plant-beneficial microbes due to their capabilities in stimulating plant growth and development and conferring protection to plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. As such, PGPR-mediated plant priming/induced systemic resistance (ISR) has become a hot topic among researchers, particularly with prospects of applications in sustainable agriculture. The current study applies untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HDMS) to investigate PGPR-based metabolic reconfigurations in the metabolome of primed wheat plants against <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tricti</i> (<i>Pst</i>). A seed bio-priming approach was adopted, where seeds were coated with two PGPR strains namely <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Paenibacillus alvei</i> (T22) and grown under controlled conditions in a glasshouse. The plants were infected with <i>Pst</i> one-week post-germination, followed by weekly harvesting of leaf material. Subsequent metabolite extraction was carried out for analysis on a UHPLC-HDMS system for data acquisition. The data was chemometrically processed to reveal the underlying trends and data structures as well as potential signatory biomarkers for priming against <i>Pst</i>. Results showed notable metabolic reprogramming in primary and secondary metabolism, where the amino acid and organic acid content of primed-control, primed-challenged and non-primed-challenged plants were differentially reprogrammed. Similar trends were observed from the secondary metabolism, in which primed plants (particularly primed-challenged) showed an up-regulation of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids-HCAs- and HCA amides) compared to the non-primed plants. The metabolomics-based semi-quantitative and qualitative assessment of the plant metabolomes revealed a time-dependent metabolic reprogramming in primed-challenged and primed-unchallenged plants, indicating the metabolic adaptations of the plants to stripe rust infection over time.Frontiers in plant science1103413https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10132142biostudies-literatureMetabolomic evaluation of PGPR defence priming in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cultivars infected with <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (stripe rust).PMC10132142Steenkamp PATerefe TMashabela MDTugizimana FPiater LADubery IAMhlongo MIfalseMetabolomic evaluation of PGPR defence priming in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) cultivars infected with <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> (stripe rust).Plant-microbe interactions are a phenomenal display of symbiotic/parasitic relationships between living organisms. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are some of the most widely investigated plant-beneficial microbes due to their capabilities in stimulating plant growth and development and conferring protection to plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. As such, PGPR-mediated plant priming/induced systemic resistance (ISR) has become a hot topic among researchers, particularly with prospects of applications in sustainable agriculture. The current study applies untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HDMS) to investigate PGPR-based metabolic reconfigurations in the metabolome of primed wheat plants against <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>tricti</i> (<i>Pst</i>). A seed bio-priming approach was adopted, where seeds were coated with two PGPR strains namely <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Paenibacillus alvei</i> (T22) and grown under controlled conditions in a glasshouse. The plants were infected with <i>Pst</i> one-week post-germination, followed by weekly harvesting of leaf material. Subsequent metabolite extraction was carried out for analysis on a UHPLC-HDMS system for data acquisition. The data was chemometrically processed to reveal the underlying trends and data structures as well as potential signatory biomarkers for priming against <i>Pst</i>. Results showed notable metabolic reprogramming in primary and secondary metabolism, where the amino acid and organic acid content of primed-control, primed-challenged and non-primed-challenged plants were differentially reprogrammed. Similar trends were observed from the secondary metabolism, in which primed plants (particularly primed-challenged) showed an up-regulation of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids-HCAs- and HCA amides) compared to the non-primed plants. The metabolomics-based semi-quantitative and qualitative assessment of the plant metabolomes revealed a time-dependent metabolic reprogramming in primed-challenged and primed-unchallenged plants, indicating the metabolic adaptations of the plants to stripe rust infection over time.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z20232026-04-30T12:53:54.681Z2026-04-07T16:03:56ZS-EPMC101321423712383010.3389/fpls.2023.1103413