biostudies-literatureSalgado BBSão Paulo Research FoundationWHO by the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund and the German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG)WHO Unity StudiesNational Council for Scientific and Technological DevelopmentILMD/Fiocruz AmazôniaFundo de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão from UNICAMPFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do AmazonasInova Fiocruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz grant1018https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10143282biostudies-literatureUnknown15(4)Numerous studies have focused on inflammation-related markers to understand COVID-19. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific IgA, total IgG and IgG subclass response in COVID-19 patients and compared this to their disease outcome. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust IgA and IgG response against the N-terminal (N1) and C-terminal (N3) region of the N protein, whereas we failed to detect IgA antibodies and observed a weak IgG response against the disordered linker region (N2) in COVID-19 patients. N and S protein-specific IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 response was significantly elevated in hospitalized patients with severe disease compared to outpatients with non-severe disease. IgA and total IgG antibody reactivity VirusesAntigen-Specific Antibody Signature Is Associated with COVID-19 Outcome.PMC10143282305628/2020-82016/00194-82266/20484021796824012020/04558-02023-2025062.00967/202048401556406778Pinto KRNogueira PASalgado BBForato JPereira Filho IVCorreia ISCarvalho NOProenca-Modena JLJordao MFAssuncao ENToledo-Teixeira DASalgado Sobrinho WBMelo GCSampaio VSMonteiro WMBarbosa PPSouza Neto JNCordeiro IBLalwani JDBGranja Fda Silva DSSLacerda MVGAstolfi Filho SLalwani Pde Morais TBDNSouza WMDos Santos ROVal FFAfalseAntigen-Specific Antibody Signature Is Associated with COVID-19 Outcome.Numerous studies have focused on inflammation-related markers to understand COVID-19. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) protein-specific IgA, total IgG and IgG subclass response in COVID-19 patients and compared this to their disease outcome. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a robust IgA and IgG response against the N-terminal (N1) and C-terminal (N3) region of the N protein, whereas we failed to detect IgA antibodies and observed a weak IgG response against the disordered linker region (N2) in COVID-19 patients. N and S protein-specific IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 response was significantly elevated in hospitalized patients with severe disease compared to outpatients with non-severe disease. IgA and total IgG antibody reactivity 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Apr2026-04-07T20:57:40.94Z2024-11-12T07:06:55.724ZS-EPMC101432823711299810.3390/v15041018