biostudies-literatureGaurav IHong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC) funding project1306https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10146377biostudies-literatureUnknown13(8)The citrus canker pathogen <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of <i>Phyllanthus niruri</i> (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic reagents, as the LEPN acts as a reducing and capping agent. To further enhance their effectiveness, the GS-AgNP-LEPN were encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles with a diameter of approximately 30-1000 nm naturally released from different sources, including plant and mammalian cells, and found in the apoplastic fluid (APF) of leaves. When compared to a regular antibiotic (ampicillin), the delivery of APF-EV-GS-ANanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)Delivery of Apoplastic Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulating Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles to Treat Citrus Canker.PMC10146377ITS/348/18FXYang ZKumar GZhang KThakur SThakur ASidu RKIyaswamy ASarkar RKLong QKumar AGaurav IfalseDelivery of Apoplastic Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulating Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles to Treat Citrus Canker.The citrus canker pathogen <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of <i>Phyllanthus niruri</i> (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic reagents, as the LEPN acts as a reducing and capping agent. To further enhance their effectiveness, the GS-AgNP-LEPN were encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles with a diameter of approximately 30-1000 nm naturally released from different sources, including plant and mammalian cells, and found in the apoplastic fluid (APF) of leaves. When compared to a regular antibiotic (ampicillin), the delivery of APF-EV-GS-A2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Apr2026-04-08T14:23:24.741Z2025-02-19T02:24:02.033ZS-EPMC101463773711089110.3390/nano13081306