biostudies-literatureAqil ADivision of Environmental BiologyNational Geographic SocietyDivision of Earth SciencesNational Science Foundation106581https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10149335biostudies-literatureUnknown26(5)Many specifics of the population histories of the Indigenous peoples of North America remain contentious owing to a dearth of physical evidence. Only few ancient human genomes have been recovered from the Pacific Northwest Coast, a region increasingly supported as a coastal migration route for the initial peopling of the Americas. Here, we report paleogenomic data from the remains of a ∼3,000-year-old female individual from Southeast Alaska, named <i>Tatóok yík yées sháawat</i> (<i>TYYS</i>). Our results demonstrate at least 3,000 years of matrilineal genetic continuity in Southeast Alaska, and that <i>TYYS</i> is most closely related to ancient and present-day northern Pacific Northwest Coast Indigenous Americans. We find no evidence of Paleo-Inuit (represented by <i>Saqqaq</i>) ancestry in present-day or ancient Pacific Northwest peoples. Instead, our analyses suggest the <i>Saqqaq</i> genome harbors Northern Native American ancestry. This study sheds further light on the human population history of the northern Pacific Northwest Coast.iScienceA paleogenome from a Holocene individual supports genetic continuity in Southeast Alaska.PMC101493356212-980208247155656598703431854550Aqil AHeaton TTMalhi RSGill SGokcumen OSmith JLReese EALindqvist CfalseA paleogenome from a Holocene individual supports genetic continuity in Southeast Alaska.Many specifics of the population histories of the Indigenous peoples of North America remain contentious owing to a dearth of physical evidence. Only few ancient human genomes have been recovered from the Pacific Northwest Coast, a region increasingly supported as a coastal migration route for the initial peopling of the Americas. Here, we report paleogenomic data from the remains of a ∼3,000-year-old female individual from Southeast Alaska, named <i>Tatóok yík yées sháawat</i> (<i>TYYS</i>). Our results demonstrate at least 3,000 years of matrilineal genetic continuity in Southeast Alaska, and that <i>TYYS</i> is most closely related to ancient and present-day northern Pacific Northwest Coast Indigenous Americans. We find no evidence of Paleo-Inuit (represented by <i>Saqqaq</i>) ancestry in present-day or ancient Pacific Northwest peoples. Instead, our analyses suggest the <i>Saqqaq</i> genome harbors Northern Native American ancestry. This study sheds further light on the human population history of the northern Pacific Northwest Coast.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 May2024-10-19T13:43:31.849Z2024-10-19T13:43:31.849ZS-EPMC101493353713877910.1016/j.isci.2023.106581