biostudies-literatureSopic MRegione LombardiaItalian Ministry of HealthTelethon FoundationBritish Heart FoundationMinistry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of SerbiaAFM-TelethonItalian Cardiology Network IRCCSMinistère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la RechercheAlan Turing InstituteRicerca Corrente - Rete cardiologica IRCCSAmerican Heart AssociationHeart Foundation—Daniel Wagner of LuxembourgEU Horizon 2020TelethonEuropean UnionFonds National de la Recherche LuxembourgColorado Clinical and Translational Sciences InstitutecardioRNA COST actionCardioRNA COST action16https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10158703biostudies-literatureUnknown118(1)The number of "omics" approaches is continuously growing. Among others, epigenetics has appeared as an attractive area of investigation by the cardiovascular research community, notably considering its association with disease development. Complex diseases such as cardiovascular diseases have to be tackled using methods integrating different omics levels, so called "multi-omics" approaches. These approaches combine and co-analyze different levels of disease regulation. In this review, we present and discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression and provide an integrated view of how these mechanisms are interlinked and regulate the development of cardiac disease, with a particular attention to heart failure. We focus on DNA, histone, and RNA modifications, and discuss the current methods and tools used for data integration and analysis. Enhancing the knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers for precision healthcare and improved clinical outcomes.Basic research in cardiologyIntegration of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in heart failure.PMC10158703COVIRNA, Grant #101016072RG/15/5/31446Postdoctoral fellowship (#829504)C17/BM/11613033“Ricerca Corrente”,RF-2019-12368521grants # C14/BM/8225223RCR-2022-23682288Network Development Award grant TNDC2-100022"Progetto Immunhub"Project COVIRNA (Grant # 101016072)Pilot Grant award (#CO‐J‐22‐#4462 GGP19035ACOVID-19/2020-1/14719577/miRCOVIDHORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE-01-01 - MSCA Staff Exchanges 2021 CardioSCOPE 101086397,HORIZON-MSCA-2021-PF- MAACS 101064175# 23054Grant Agreement with University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy No: 451-03-9/2021-14/200161GGP19035ASopic MEmanueli CGaetano CAngione CPedrazzini TDevaux YCondorelli GMartelli FEU-CardioRNA COST Action CA17129 and EU-AtheroNET COST Action CA21153Robinson ELSrivastava PfalseIntegration of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in heart failure.The number of "omics" approaches is continuously growing. Among others, epigenetics has appeared as an attractive area of investigation by the cardiovascular research community, notably considering its association with disease development. Complex diseases such as cardiovascular diseases have to be tackled using methods integrating different omics levels, so called "multi-omics" approaches. These approaches combine and co-analyze different levels of disease regulation. In this review, we present and discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression and provide an integrated view of how these mechanisms are interlinked and regulate the development of cardiac disease, with a particular attention to heart failure. We focus on DNA, histone, and RNA modifications, and discuss the current methods and tools used for data integration and analysis. Enhancing the knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic approaches and biomarkers for precision healthcare and improved clinical outcomes.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 May2024-11-09T22:41:02.798Z2024-11-09T22:41:02.798ZS-EPMC101587033714069910.1007/s00395-023-00986-3