biostudies-literatureHan JFNatural Science Foundation of Henan Province (Henan Province Natural Science Foundation)Natural Science Foundation of Henan ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)104https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10160024biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)Advanced antibacterial technologies are needed to counter the rapid emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Image-guided therapy is one of the most promising strategies for efficiently and accurately curing bacterial infections. Herein, a chemiluminescence (CL)-dynamic/guided antibacteria (CDGA) with multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity and chemiexcited near-infrared emission has been designed for the precise theranostics of bacterial infection by employing near-infrared emissive carbon nanodots (CDs) and peroxalate as CL fuels. Mechanistically, hydrogen peroxide generated in the bacterial microenvironment can trigger the chemically initiated electron exchange between CDs and energy-riched intermediate originated from the oxidized peroxalate, enabling bacterial induced Light, science & applicationsChemiluminescent carbon nanodots for dynamic and guided antibacteria.PMC1016002412074348212300410078U200416811974317Lou QDing ZZHan JFZheng GSLiu KKShen CLShan CXDong LZang JHNi QCSong RWfalseChemiluminescent carbon nanodots for dynamic and guided antibacteria.Advanced antibacterial technologies are needed to counter the rapid emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Image-guided therapy is one of the most promising strategies for efficiently and accurately curing bacterial infections. Herein, a chemiluminescence (CL)-dynamic/guided antibacteria (CDGA) with multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity and chemiexcited near-infrared emission has been designed for the precise theranostics of bacterial infection by employing near-infrared emissive carbon nanodots (CDs) and peroxalate as CL fuels. Mechanistically, hydrogen peroxide generated in the bacterial microenvironment can trigger the chemically initiated electron exchange between CDs and energy-riched intermediate originated from the oxidized peroxalate, enabling bacterial induced 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 May2025-04-26T14:25:53.523Z2025-04-06T14:36:22.195ZS-EPMC101600243714260210.1038/s41377-023-01149-8