biostudies-literatureCouture NGouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaGouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada)Max Planck Institute for the Science of LightJoint Centre for Extreme PhotonicsCanada Foundation for Innovation (Fondation canadienne pour l'innovation)Gouvernement du Canada | National Research Council Canada (Conseil national de recherches Canada)Canada Foundation for InnovationGouvernement du Canada | National Research Council Canada2595https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10163249biostudies-literatureUnknown14(1)Slow motion movies allow us to see intricate details of the mechanical dynamics of complex phenomena. If the images in each frame are replaced by terahertz (THz) waves, such movies can monitor low-energy resonances and reveal fast structural or chemical transitions. Here, we combine THz spectroscopy as a non-invasive optical probe with a real-time monitoring technique to demonstrate the ability to resolve non-reproducible phenomena at 50k frames per second, extracting each of the generated THz waveforms every 20 μs. The concept, based on a photonic time-stretch technique to achieve unprecedented data acquisition speeds, is demonstrated by monitoring sub-millisecond dynamics of hot carriers injected in silicon by successive resonant pulses as a saturation density is established. Our experimNature communicationsSingle-pulse terahertz spectroscopy monitoring sub-millisecond time dynamics at a rate of 50 kHz.PMC1016324935269RGPIN-2016-04797HTSN-702-1Yalavarthi EKOstic RMenard JMCouture NFandio DJJGamouras ACui WVishnuradhan ALippl MJoly NYfalseSingle-pulse terahertz spectroscopy monitoring sub-millisecond time dynamics at a rate of 50 kHz.Slow motion movies allow us to see intricate details of the mechanical dynamics of complex phenomena. If the images in each frame are replaced by terahertz (THz) waves, such movies can monitor low-energy resonances and reveal fast structural or chemical transitions. Here, we combine THz spectroscopy as a non-invasive optical probe with a real-time monitoring technique to demonstrate the ability to resolve non-reproducible phenomena at 50k frames per second, extracting each of the generated THz waveforms every 20 μs. The concept, based on a photonic time-stretch technique to achieve unprecedented data acquisition speeds, is demonstrated by monitoring sub-millisecond dynamics of hot carriers injected in silicon by successive resonant pulses as a saturation density is established. Our experim2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 May2025-04-18T15:12:38.941Z2025-04-07T01:43:56.872ZS-EPMC101632493714740710.1038/s41467-023-38354-3