biostudies-literatureUnknown73(1)Agata ARice panicle architecture displays remarkable diversity in branch number, branch length, and grain arrangement; however, much remains unknown about how such diversity in patterns is generated. Although several genes related to panicle branch number and panicle length have been identified, how panicle branch number and panicle length are coordinately regulated is unclear. Here, we show that panicle length and panicle branch number are independently regulated by the genes <i>Prl5</i>/<i>OsGA20ox4</i>, <i>Pbl6</i>/<i>APO1</i>, and <i>Gn1a</i>/<i>OsCKX2</i>. We produced near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the Koshihikari genetic background harboring the elite alleles for <i>Prl5</i>, regulating panicle rachis length; <i>Pbl6</i>, regulating primary branch length; and <i>Gn1a</i>, regulating panicle Breeding science86-94https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10165343biostudies-literatureDesigning rice panicle architecture via developmental regulatory genes.PMC10165343Ashikari MKitano HAgata ASato YHobo TfalseDesigning rice panicle architecture via developmental regulatory genes.Rice panicle architecture displays remarkable diversity in branch number, branch length, and grain arrangement; however, much remains unknown about how such diversity in patterns is generated. Although several genes related to panicle branch number and panicle length have been identified, how panicle branch number and panicle length are coordinately regulated is unclear. Here, we show that panicle length and panicle branch number are independently regulated by the genes <i>Prl5</i>/<i>OsGA20ox4</i>, <i>Pbl6</i>/<i>APO1</i>, and <i>Gn1a</i>/<i>OsCKX2</i>. We produced near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the Koshihikari genetic background harboring the elite alleles for <i>Prl5</i>, regulating panicle rachis length; <i>Pbl6</i>, regulating primary branch length; and <i>Gn1a</i>, regulating panicle 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2025-05-31T22:44:36.85Z2025-05-31T22:44:36.85ZS-EPMC101653433716881610.1270/jsbbs.22075