biostudies-literatureYin HLProgram for Innovative Talents and Entrepreneurs in JiangsuFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesKey Research and Development Program of Nanjing Jiangbei New AeraNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provincenwac228https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10165682biostudies-literatureUnknown10(4)Cryptography promises four information security objectives, namely, confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation, to support trillions of transactions annually in the digital economy. Efficient digital signatures, ensuring integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation of data with information-theoretical security are highly urgent and intractable open problems in cryptography. Here, we propose a high-efficiency quantum digital signature (QDS) protocol using asymmetric quantum keys acquired via secret sharing, one-time universal₂ hashing and a one-time pad. We just need to use a 384-bit key to sign documents of lengths up to 2⁶⁴ with a security bound of 10^-19. If a one-megabit document is signed, the signature efficiency is improved by more thaNational science reviewExperimental quantum secure network with digital signatures and encryption.PMC10165682JSSCRC2021484BK20211145ZDYD20210101020414380182Chen ZBHuang SLi CLLu YSLi BHFu YGu JWeng CXYin HLfalseExperimental quantum secure network with digital signatures and encryption.Cryptography promises four information security objectives, namely, confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation, to support trillions of transactions annually in the digital economy. Efficient digital signatures, ensuring integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation of data with information-theoretical security are highly urgent and intractable open problems in cryptography. Here, we propose a high-efficiency quantum digital signature (QDS) protocol using asymmetric quantum keys acquired via secret sharing, one-time universal₂ hashing and a one-time pad. We just need to use a 384-bit key to sign documents of lengths up to 2⁶⁴ with a security bound of 10^-19. If a one-megabit document is signed, the signature efficiency is improved by more tha2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Apr2026-06-03T19:56:17.136Z2025-04-05T21:14:52.853ZS-EPMC101656823716810110.1093/nsr/nwac228