biostudies-literatureFu PJiangsu Science and Technology Department GrantNational Natural Science Foundation of China7662https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10175484biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)Neuropeptides are ubiquitous intercellular signaling molecules in the CNS and play diverse roles in modulating physiological functions by acting on specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among them, the elevenin signaling system is now believed to be present primarily in protostomes. Although elevenin was first identified from the L11 neuron of the abdominal ganglion in mollusc Aplysia californica, no receptors have been described in Aplysia, nor in any other molluscs. Here, using two elevenin receptors in annelid Platynereis dumerilii, we found three putative elevenin GPCRs in Aplysia. We cloned the three receptors and tentatively named them apElevR1, apElevR2, and apElevR3. Using an inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation assay, we demonstrated that Aplysia elevenin with the disScientific reportsIdentification of three elevenin receptors and roles of elevenin disulfide bond and residues in receptor activation in Aplysia californica.PMC1017548432100816BK2021018332171011, 31861143036, 31671097, 31371104Zhang GChen PJin QCJing JXu JPMao RTZhang YCMei YSWang HYDing XYLiu CYLiu WJGuo SQLiu CPFu PfalseIdentification of three elevenin receptors and roles of elevenin disulfide bond and residues in receptor activation in Aplysia californica.Neuropeptides are ubiquitous intercellular signaling molecules in the CNS and play diverse roles in modulating physiological functions by acting on specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among them, the elevenin signaling system is now believed to be present primarily in protostomes. Although elevenin was first identified from the L11 neuron of the abdominal ganglion in mollusc Aplysia californica, no receptors have been described in Aplysia, nor in any other molluscs. Here, using two elevenin receptors in annelid Platynereis dumerilii, we found three putative elevenin GPCRs in Aplysia. We cloned the three receptors and tentatively named them apElevR1, apElevR2, and apElevR3. Using an inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation assay, we demonstrated that Aplysia elevenin with the dis2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 May2026-05-29T02:45:45.189Z2024-11-15T19:59:06.014ZS-EPMC101754843716979010.1038/s41598-023-34596-9