biostudies-literatureAnisimova ASMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationRussian Science Foundation8361https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10179197biostudies-literatureUnknown24(9)While protein synthesis is vital for the majority of cell types of the human body, diversely differentiated cells require specific translation regulation. This suggests the specialization of translation machinery across tissues and organs. Using transcriptomic data from GTEx, FANTOM, and Gene Atlas, we systematically explored the abundance of transcripts encoding translation factors and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSases) in human tissues. We revised a few known and identified several novel translation-related genes exhibiting strict tissue-specific expression. The proteins they encode include eEF1A1, eEF1A2, PABPC1L, PABPC3, eIF1B, eIF4E1B, eIF4ENIF1, and eIF5AL1. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a pervasive tissue-specific relative abundance of translation machinery components (e.g., International journal of molecular sciencesHuman Tissues Exhibit Diverse Composition of Translation Machinery.PMC1017919718-14-00291075152021601Makarova NEDmitriev SEKulakovskiy IVKolyupanova NMAnisimova ASEgorov AAfalseHuman Tissues Exhibit Diverse Composition of Translation Machinery.While protein synthesis is vital for the majority of cell types of the human body, diversely differentiated cells require specific translation regulation. This suggests the specialization of translation machinery across tissues and organs. Using transcriptomic data from GTEx, FANTOM, and Gene Atlas, we systematically explored the abundance of transcripts encoding translation factors and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSases) in human tissues. We revised a few known and identified several novel translation-related genes exhibiting strict tissue-specific expression. The proteins they encode include eEF1A1, eEF1A2, PABPC1L, PABPC3, eIF1B, eIF4E1B, eIF4ENIF1, and eIF5AL1. Furthermore, our analysis revealed a pervasive tissue-specific relative abundance of translation machinery components (e.g., 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 May2025-04-04T13:52:07.145Z2025-04-04T13:52:07.145ZS-EPMC101791973717606810.3390/ijms24098361