biostudies-literatureHuang HKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyCity University of Hong KongKAUSTe2205808https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10190632biostudies-literatureUnknown10(14)Developing a green and energy-saving alternative to the traditional Haber-Bosch process for converting nitrogen into ammonia is urgently needed. Imitating from biological nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis processes, this work develops a monolithic artificial leaf based on triple junction (3J) InGaP/GaAs/Ge cell for solar-driven ammonia conversion under ambient conditions. A gold layer serves as the catalytic site for nitrogen fixation with photogenerated electrons. The Au/Ti/3J InGaP/GaAs/Ge photoelectrochemical (PEC) device achieves high ammonia production rates and Faradaic efficiencies in a two-electrode system without applying external potential. For example, at 0.2 sunlight intensity, the solar-to-ammonia (STA) conversion efficiency reaches 1.11% and the corresponding Faradaic effiAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)Artificial Leaf for Solar-Driven Ammonia Conversion at Milligram-Scale Using Triple Junction III-V Photoelectrode.PMC101906329380107BAS/1/1334‐01‐017005943BAS/1/1334-01-01Periyanagounder DLi ZHe JHHuang HHan YChen CHuang KWLei QfalseArtificial Leaf for Solar-Driven Ammonia Conversion at Milligram-Scale Using Triple Junction III-V Photoelectrode.Developing a green and energy-saving alternative to the traditional Haber-Bosch process for converting nitrogen into ammonia is urgently needed. Imitating from biological nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis processes, this work develops a monolithic artificial leaf based on triple junction (3J) InGaP/GaAs/Ge cell for solar-driven ammonia conversion under ambient conditions. A gold layer serves as the catalytic site for nitrogen fixation with photogenerated electrons. The Au/Ti/3J InGaP/GaAs/Ge photoelectrochemical (PEC) device achieves high ammonia production rates and Faradaic efficiencies in a two-electrode system without applying external potential. For example, at 0.2 sunlight intensity, the solar-to-ammonia (STA) conversion efficiency reaches 1.11% and the corresponding Faradaic effi2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 May2025-04-04T13:51:57.225Z2025-04-04T13:51:57.225ZS-EPMC101906323695072510.1002/advs.202205808