biostudies-literatureUnknown21(1)Sun W<h4>Background</h4>Changes in gene expression levels during brain development are thought to have played an important role in the evolution of human cognition. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, changes in brain developmental expression patterns, as well as human-specific brain gene expression, have been characterized. However, interpreting the origin of evolutionarily advanced cognition in human brains requires a deeper understanding of the regulation of gene expression, including the epigenomic context, along the primate genome. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to measure the genome-wide profiles of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), both of which are associated with transcBMC biology123https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10210484biostudies-literatureEpigenetic regulation of human-specific gene expression in the prefrontal cortex.PMC10210484Liu XXie GJiang XSun WHan DKhaitovich PfalseEpigenetic regulation of human-specific gene expression in the prefrontal cortex.<h4>Background</h4>Changes in gene expression levels during brain development are thought to have played an important role in the evolution of human cognition. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies, changes in brain developmental expression patterns, as well as human-specific brain gene expression, have been characterized. However, interpreting the origin of evolutionarily advanced cognition in human brains requires a deeper understanding of the regulation of gene expression, including the epigenomic context, along the primate genome. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to measure the genome-wide profiles of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac), both of which are associated with transc2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 May2025-04-21T21:18:19.194Z2025-04-05T18:18:53.058ZS-EPMC102104843722624410.1186/s12915-023-01612-3