biostudies-literatureAgranat-Tamir LHoward Hughes Medical InstituteIsrael Science FoundationNational Institutes of HealthJohn Templeton FoundationNIGMS NIH HHSNational Science Foundation1146-1157.e11https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10212583biostudies-literatureUnknown181(5)We report genome-wide DNA data for 73 individuals from five archaeological sites across the Bronze and Iron Ages Southern Levant. These individuals, who share the "Canaanite" material culture, can be modeled as descending from two sources: (1) earlier local Neolithic populations and (2) populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros or the Bronze Age Caucasus. The non-local contribution increased over time, as evinced by three outliers who can be modeled as descendants of recent migrants. We show evidence that different "Canaanite" groups genetically resemble each other more than other populations. We find that Levant-related modern populations typically have substantial ancestry coming from populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros and the Bronze Age Southern Levant. These groups alsCellThe Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant.PMC10212583R01 GM100233Eshel TCarmi SGokhman DCandilio FMonge JMPinhasi RLawson AMMah MFinkelstein IMishol NMartin MASBechar SAgranat-Tamir LErel YMallick SEshed VGamarra BKalisher RCheronet OAdamski NYakir BWaldman SFaerman MRohland NCarmel LNovak MYahalom-Mack NReich DOppenheimer JTzur SMichel MKeating DStewardson KGovrin YKennett DJfalseThe Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant.We report genome-wide DNA data for 73 individuals from five archaeological sites across the Bronze and Iron Ages Southern Levant. These individuals, who share the "Canaanite" material culture, can be modeled as descending from two sources: (1) earlier local Neolithic populations and (2) populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros or the Bronze Age Caucasus. The non-local contribution increased over time, as evinced by three outliers who can be modeled as descendants of recent migrants. We show evidence that different "Canaanite" groups genetically resemble each other more than other populations. We find that Levant-related modern populations typically have substantial ancestry coming from populations related to the Chalcolithic Zagros and the Bronze Age Southern Levant. These groups als2020-01-01T00:00:00Z2020 May2025-04-25T22:39:23.932Z2025-04-06T09:08:29.104ZS-EPMC102125833247040010.1016/j.cell.2020.04.024