biostudies-literatureBaloh CHNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNICHD NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHSNHGRI NIH HHSNational Human Genome Research Institute1152538https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10213698biostudies-literatureUnknown14<h4>Introduction</h4>Factors influencing vaccine immune priming in the first year of life involve both innate and adaptive immunity but there are gaps in understanding how these factors sustain vaccine antibody levels in healthy infants. The hypothesis was that bioprofiles associated with B cell survival best predict sustained vaccine IgG levels at one year.<h4>Methods</h4>Longitudinal study of plasma bioprofiles in 82 term, healthy infants, who received standard recommended immunizations in the United States, with changes in 15 plasma biomarker concentrations and B cell subsets associated with germinal center development monitored at birth, soon after completion of the initial vaccine series at 6 months, and prior to the 12-month vaccinations. Post vaccination antibody IgG levels to <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, tetanus toxoid, and conjugated <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type B (<i>HiB</i>) were outcome measures.<h4>Results</h4>Using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression model, cord blood (CB) plasma IL-2, IL-17A, IL-31, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were positively associated with pertussis IgG levels at 12 months, while CB plasma concentrations of APRIL and IL-33 were negatively associated. In contrast, CB concentrations of sCD14 and APRIL were positively associated with sustained tetanus IgG levels. A separate cross-sectional analysis of 18 mother/newborn pairs indicated that CB biomarkers were not due to transplacental transfer, but rather due to immune activation at the fetal/maternal interface. Elevated percentages of cord blood switched memory B cells were positively associated with 12-month <i>HiB</i> IgG levels. BAFF concentrations at 6 and 12 months were positively associated with <i>pertussis</i> and <i>HiB</i> IgG levels respectively.<h4>Discussion</h4>Sustained B cell immunity is highly influenced by early life immune dynamics beginning prior to birth. The findings provide important insights into how germinal center development shapes vaccine responses in healthy infants and provide a foundation for studies of conditions that impair infant immune development.Frontiers in immunologyBiomarkers detected in cord blood predict vaccine responses in young infants.PMC10213698HG008955-01A1T32 AI007062R01 AI100147R21 HD102853T32 HG008955HD102853 01AI100147, AI007062-38De Paris KVenturi GMSadder LSKim-Chang JJGoodenow MMSleasman JWFischer BMYin LBaloh CHChan CAldrovandi GMfalseBiomarkers detected in cord blood predict vaccine responses in young infants.<h4>Introduction</h4>Factors influencing vaccine immune priming in the first year of life involve both innate and adaptive immunity but there are gaps in understanding how these factors sustain vaccine antibody levels in healthy infants. The hypothesis was that bioprofiles associated with B cell survival best predict sustained vaccine IgG levels at one year.<h4>Methods</h4>Longitudinal study of plasma bioprofiles in 82 term, healthy infants, who received standard recommended immunizations in the United States, with changes in 15 plasma biomarker concentrations and B cell subsets associated with germinal center development monitored at birth, soon after completion of the initial vaccine series at 6 months, and prior to the 12-month vaccinations. Post vaccination antibody IgG levels to <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, tetanus toxoid, and conjugated <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type B (<i>HiB</i>) were outcome measures.<h4>Results</h4>Using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression model, cord blood (CB) plasma IL-2, IL-17A, IL-31, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were positively associated with pertussis IgG levels at 12 months, while CB plasma concentrations of APRIL and IL-33 were negatively associated. In contrast, CB concentrations of sCD14 and APRIL were positively associated with sustained tetanus IgG levels. A separate cross-sectional analysis of 18 mother/newborn pairs indicated that CB biomarkers were not due to transplacental transfer, but rather due to immune activation at the fetal/maternal interface. Elevated percentages of cord blood switched memory B cells were positively associated with 12-month <i>HiB</i> IgG levels. BAFF concentrations at 6 and 12 months were positively associated with <i>pertussis</i> and <i>HiB</i> IgG levels respectively.<h4>Discussion</h4>Sustained B cell immunity is highly influenced by early life immune dynamics beginning prior to birth. The findings provide important insights into how germinal center development shapes vaccine responses in healthy infants and provide a foundation for studies of conditions that impair infant immune development.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z20232026-05-28T22:50:18.726Z2025-04-06T00:49:01.264ZS-EPMC102136983725138810.3389/fimmu.2023.1152538