biostudies-literatureUnknown14Salas-Hernandez APharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determinFrontiers in pharmacology1175737https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10213898biostudies-literatureAn updated examination of the perception of barriers for pharmacogenomics implementation and the usefulness of drug/gene pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean.PMC10213898Varela NMSerrano RCalfio CZuluaga-Arias PBastone LCVital MSullon-Dextre LMartinez YBQuinones LALoera-Castaneda VDa Luz JLopez-Cortes ARomero-Prado MMJCayun JPLara CSandoval CGalleguillos MXajil LBrand EMartinez MFReyes-Reyes EGutierrez CLavanderos MACalfunao SMotta-Pardo AQuesada SFonseca-Mendoza DLagos PCaceres DDAriza YVLeiva TGonzalez AVivas JDRendon ALLares-Asseff IHidalgo-Lozada GMRemirez DAcosta LJimenez MALazarowski APerez GRUmana-Rivas MRios-Santos FCordero-Garcia EEscobar-Castro KBeltran-Angarita LGonzalez-Martinez FSuarez MSalazar-Granara ASalas-Hernandez AVargas REcheverria-Garces GSoler AMTzul NBurgueno-Rodriguez GCarrasco MCerpa LCHuaccha ASanchez EEsperon PAvendano ARedal MAMorales ARMacho AArias MLfalseAn updated examination of the perception of barriers for pharmacogenomics implementation and the usefulness of drug/gene pairs in Latin America and the Caribbean.Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is considered an emergent field in developing countries. Research on PGx in the Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) region remains scarce, with limited information in some populations. Thus, extrapolations are complicated, especially in mixed populations. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed pharmacogenomic knowledge among the LAC scientific and clinical community and examined barriers to clinical application. We performed a search for publications and clinical trials in the field worldwide and evaluated the contribution of LAC. Next, we conducted a regional structured survey that evaluated a list of 14 potential barriers to the clinical implementation of biomarkers based on their importance. In addition, a paired list of 54 genes/drugs was analyzed to determin2023-01-01T00:00:00Z20232026-04-08T03:15:23.643Z2025-05-18T12:53:44.703ZS-EPMC102138983725132910.3389/fphar.2023.1175737