biostudies-literatureChumpen Ramirez SNovo Nordisk FoundationDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftOpen Competition ENW-KLEINZonMW TopHorizon 2020ZonMwNovo Nordisk Fonden1459-1478https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10241002biostudies-literatureUnknown19(5)During macroautophagy/autophagy, precursor cisterna known as phagophores expand and sequester portions of the cytoplasm and/or organelles, and subsequently close resulting in double-membrane transport vesicles called autophagosomes. Autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes/vacuoles to allow the degradation and recycling of their cargoes. We previously showed that sequential binding of yeast Atg2 and Atg18 to Atg9, the only conserved transmembrane protein in autophagy, at the extremities of the phagophore mediates the establishment of membrane contact sites between the phagophore and the endoplasmic reticulum. As the Atg2-Atg18 complex transfers lipids between adjacent membranes <i>in vitro</i>, it has been postulated that this activity and the scramblase activity of the trimers formed by Atg9 arAutophagy--Atg9 interactions via its transmembrane domains are required for phagophore expansion during autophagy.PMC1024100291217002OCENW.KLEIN.118]; [SFB 9440066384NNF21OC0066384P26].Marie Skłodowska Curie ETN (765912)UN111/13-1Margheritis ECosentino KReggiori FChumpen Ramirez SGomez-Sanchez RUngermann CVerlhac PHardenberg Rfalse--Atg9 interactions via its transmembrane domains are required for phagophore expansion during autophagy.During macroautophagy/autophagy, precursor cisterna known as phagophores expand and sequester portions of the cytoplasm and/or organelles, and subsequently close resulting in double-membrane transport vesicles called autophagosomes. Autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes/vacuoles to allow the degradation and recycling of their cargoes. We previously showed that sequential binding of yeast Atg2 and Atg18 to Atg9, the only conserved transmembrane protein in autophagy, at the extremities of the phagophore mediates the establishment of membrane contact sites between the phagophore and the endoplasmic reticulum. As the Atg2-Atg18 complex transfers lipids between adjacent membranes <i>in vitro</i>, it has been postulated that this activity and the scramblase activity of the trimers formed by Atg9 ar2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 May2026-05-05T02:54:15.649Z2025-04-04T14:39:42.653ZS-EPMC102410023635415510.1080/15548627.2022.2136340