biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)Wahba MINational Research Centre EgyptNational Research CentreThree polysaccharide matrices (κ-Carrageenan (Carr), gellan gum, and agar) were grafted via glutaraldehyde (GA) and pea protein (PP). The grafted matrices covalently immobilized β-D-galactosidase (β-GL). Nonetheless, grafted Carr acquired the topmost amount of immobilized β-GL (iβ-GL). Thus, its grafting process was honed via Box-Behnken design and was further characterized via FTIR, EDX, and SEM. The optimal GA-PP-Carr grafting comprised processing Carr beads with 10% PP dispersion of pH 1 and 25% GA solution. The optimal GA-PP-Carr beads acquired 11.44 Ug<sup>-1</sup> iβ-GL with 45.49% immobilization efficiency. Both free and GA-PP-Carr iβ-GLs manifested their topmost activity at the selfsame temperature and pH. Nonetheless, the β-GL K<sub>m</sub> and V<sub>max</sub> values were reduced Scientific reports9105https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10241775biostudies-literatureGlutaraldehyde-pea protein grafted polysaccharide matrices for functioning as covalent immobilizers.PMC10241775Wahba MIfalseGlutaraldehyde-pea protein grafted polysaccharide matrices for functioning as covalent immobilizers.Three polysaccharide matrices (κ-Carrageenan (Carr), gellan gum, and agar) were grafted via glutaraldehyde (GA) and pea protein (PP). The grafted matrices covalently immobilized β-D-galactosidase (β-GL). Nonetheless, grafted Carr acquired the topmost amount of immobilized β-GL (iβ-GL). Thus, its grafting process was honed via Box-Behnken design and was further characterized via FTIR, EDX, and SEM. The optimal GA-PP-Carr grafting comprised processing Carr beads with 10% PP dispersion of pH 1 and 25% GA solution. The optimal GA-PP-Carr beads acquired 11.44 Ug<sup>-1</sup> iβ-GL with 45.49% immobilization efficiency. Both free and GA-PP-Carr iβ-GLs manifested their topmost activity at the selfsame temperature and pH. Nonetheless, the β-GL K<sub>m</sub> and V<sub>max</sub> values were reduced 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jun2025-04-04T14:40:30.82Z2025-04-04T14:40:30.82ZS-EPMC102417753727736710.1038/s41598-023-36045-z