biostudies-literatureZhang YDutch Research Council (NWO)e12114https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10242825biostudies-literatureUnknown2(4)<h4>Background</h4>Childhood internalizing and externalizing problems frequently co-occur. Many studies report neural correlates of either internalizing or externalizing problems, but few account for their co-occurrence. We aimed to assess specific cortical substrates of these psychiatric problems.<h4>Methods</h4>We used data from 9635 children aged 9-11 years in the baseline Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Internalizing and externalizing problem composite scales scores were derived from the Child Behavior Checklist. We standardized FreeSurfer-derived volumes of 68 cortical regions. We examined internalizing and externalizing problems separately and jointly (covariate-adjustment) in relation to cortical volumes, with and without adjusting for total brain volume (TBV) in multiJCPP advancesDifferences in cortical morphology and child internalizing or externalizing problems: Accounting for the co-occurrence.PMC10242825016.VICI.170.200Muetzel RDelaney SWKim HHZhang YXu BTiemeier HfalseDifferences in cortical morphology and child internalizing or externalizing problems: Accounting for the co-occurrence.<h4>Background</h4>Childhood internalizing and externalizing problems frequently co-occur. Many studies report neural correlates of either internalizing or externalizing problems, but few account for their co-occurrence. We aimed to assess specific cortical substrates of these psychiatric problems.<h4>Methods</h4>We used data from 9635 children aged 9-11 years in the baseline Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Internalizing and externalizing problem composite scales scores were derived from the Child Behavior Checklist. We standardized FreeSurfer-derived volumes of 68 cortical regions. We examined internalizing and externalizing problems separately and jointly (covariate-adjustment) in relation to cortical volumes, with and without adjusting for total brain volume (TBV) in multi2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-22T02:52:13.425Z2025-04-05T20:31:03.155ZS-EPMC102428253743141310.1002/jcv2.12114