{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Abdulkadir M"],"funding":["Medical Research Council","NIMH NIH HHS","NINDS NIH HHS","Tourette Association of America","National Institute of Mental Health","Wellcome Trust"],"pagination":["73-84"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10247895"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["192(5-6)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Tourette syndrome (TS) is caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, little is known about the interplay of these factors in the occurrence of tics. We investigated whether polygenic risk score (PRS) of TS and pregnancy-related factors together enhance the explained variance of tic occurrence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N<sub>cases</sub>  = 612; N<sub>controls</sub>  = 4,201; 50% male; mean age 13.8 years). We included a cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety and depression, and maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy. We investigated possible joint effects of genetic and pregnancy-related risk factors using a multivariable approach, and explored mediation effects between the pregnancy-related risk factors in explaining tic presence. The PRS and the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety, or maternal depression explained significantly more variance of tic presence compared to models including only the PRS. Furthermore, we found that the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score mediated the association between several pregnancy-related factors (maternal anxiety, depression, and smoking) and tics. The combination of a PRS and pregnancy-related risk factors explained more variance of tics in a general population cohort compared to studying these factors in isolation."],"journal":["American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics"],"pubmed_title":["Polygenic and environmental determinants of tics in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children."],"pmcid":["PMC10247895"],"funding_grant_id":["R01 MH079488","R01 MH079489","U01 NS040024","R01 MH079487","R01 MH115961","R01 MH092289","R01 MH092520","217065/Z/19/Z","R13 MH073250","R01 MH071507","MC_PC_15018","G9815508","R01 MH115958","R01 MH092293","R01 MH092292","R01 MH092291","R01 MH092290","R01 NS016648","R01 MH079494","R01 MH115993","R01 MH092513","R01 NS040024","R01 MH092516","U24 NS095914","MC_PC_19009"],"pubmed_authors":["Heiman GA","Hoekstra PJ","Abdulkadir M","Tischfield JA","Dietrich A"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Polygenic and environmental determinants of tics in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.","description":"Tourette syndrome (TS) is caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, little is known about the interplay of these factors in the occurrence of tics. We investigated whether polygenic risk score (PRS) of TS and pregnancy-related factors together enhance the explained variance of tic occurrence in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N<sub>cases</sub>  = 612; N<sub>controls</sub>  = 4,201; 50% male; mean age 13.8 years). We included a cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety and depression, and maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy. We investigated possible joint effects of genetic and pregnancy-related risk factors using a multivariable approach, and explored mediation effects between the pregnancy-related risk factors in explaining tic presence. The PRS and the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score, maternal anxiety, or maternal depression explained significantly more variance of tic presence compared to models including only the PRS. Furthermore, we found that the cumulative adverse pregnancy risk score mediated the association between several pregnancy-related factors (maternal anxiety, depression, and smoking) and tics. The combination of a PRS and pregnancy-related risk factors explained more variance of tics in a general population cohort compared to studying these factors in isolation.","dates":{"release":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2023 Jul-Sep","modification":"2025-04-04T21:13:45.836Z","creation":"2025-04-04T21:13:45.836Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC10247895","cross_references":{"pubmed":["36479979"],"doi":["10.1002/ajmg.b.32924"]}}