biostudies-literatureRagon BKNCATS NIH HHSNCI NIH HHS2746-2757https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10275699biostudies-literatureUnknown7(12)The overall survival (OS) has improved significantly in multiple myeloma (MM) over the last decade with the use of proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulatory drug-based combinations, followed by high-dose melphalan and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) and subsequent maintenance therapies in eligible newly diagnosed patients. However, clinical trials using auto-HSCT followed by lenalidomide maintenance have shown an increased risk of second primary malignancies (SPM), including second hematological malignancies (SHM). We evaluated the impact of SPM and SHM on progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in patients with MM after auto-HSCT using CIBMTR registry data. Adult patients with MM who underwent first auto-HSCT in the United States with melphalan conditioning rBlood advancesImpact of second primary malignancy post-autologous transplantation on outcomes of multiple myeloma: a CIBMTR analysis.PMC10275699P30 CA008748U24 CA076518UL1 TR001863P50 CA186781Qazilbash MHMunshi PNShah NHashmi SNieto YD'Souza AVesole DHMian HBadawy SMAl Hadidi SShah MVGeorge GMiller KCKharfan-Dabaja MABattiwalla MSaad ASolh MNishihori TEstrada-Merly NGowda LMurthy HSKumar SKde Lima MMajhail NSPatel SSRagon BKAfrough ABanerjee RLekakis LJAljurf MHildebrandt GCStrouse CPawarode AHolmberg LAAnderson LDUsmani SZKaur GLee CHAbid MBDholaria BGergis UWirk BfalseImpact of second primary malignancy post-autologous transplantation on outcomes of multiple myeloma: a CIBMTR analysis.The overall survival (OS) has improved significantly in multiple myeloma (MM) over the last decade with the use of proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulatory drug-based combinations, followed by high-dose melphalan and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) and subsequent maintenance therapies in eligible newly diagnosed patients. However, clinical trials using auto-HSCT followed by lenalidomide maintenance have shown an increased risk of second primary malignancies (SPM), including second hematological malignancies (SHM). We evaluated the impact of SPM and SHM on progression-free survival (PFS) and OS in patients with MM after auto-HSCT using CIBMTR registry data. Adult patients with MM who underwent first auto-HSCT in the United States with melphalan conditioning r2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jun2026-07-14T21:54:28.327Z2024-12-04T07:31:50.98ZS-EPMC102756993682768110.1182/bloodadvances.2022009138