biostudies-literatureYang BNIDDK NIH HHSNCI NIH HHSe00144https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10289747biostudies-literatureUnknown7(7)<h4>Background</h4>We established a novel diethylnitrosamine (DEN) -induced mouse model that reflected the progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) from atypical cystic hyperplasia.<h4>Methods</h4>BALB/c mice were administered DEN by oral gavage. Cells isolated from livers were analyzed for expression of CSNK2A1, MAX and MAX-interacting proteins. Human CCA cell lines (MzChA-1, HuCCT1), normal human cholangiocyte (H69), human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2), macrophages (RAW 264.7), and primary hepatic cells were used for cellular and molecular biology assays.<h4>Results</h4>Expression of MAX, CSNK2A1, C-MYC, β-catenin, HMGB1, and IL-6 was upregulated in hepatic cells from CCA liver tissue. The half-life of MAX is higher in CCA cells, and this favors their proliferation. Overexpression of MAX Hepatology communicationsCSNK2A1-mediated MAX phosphorylation upregulates HMGB1 and IL-6 expression in cholangiocarcinoma progression.PMC10289747R01 DK123763R01 CA172086R01 DK107288Yang HFan WLu SCZhang JBarbier-Torres LYang BLiu TWang JSteggerda JRamani KYang XChen YJusto MARfalseCSNK2A1-mediated MAX phosphorylation upregulates HMGB1 and IL-6 expression in cholangiocarcinoma progression.<h4>Background</h4>We established a novel diethylnitrosamine (DEN) -induced mouse model that reflected the progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) from atypical cystic hyperplasia.<h4>Methods</h4>BALB/c mice were administered DEN by oral gavage. Cells isolated from livers were analyzed for expression of CSNK2A1, MAX and MAX-interacting proteins. Human CCA cell lines (MzChA-1, HuCCT1), normal human cholangiocyte (H69), human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2), macrophages (RAW 264.7), and primary hepatic cells were used for cellular and molecular biology assays.<h4>Results</h4>Expression of MAX, CSNK2A1, C-MYC, β-catenin, HMGB1, and IL-6 was upregulated in hepatic cells from CCA liver tissue. The half-life of MAX is higher in CCA cells, and this favors their proliferation. Overexpression of MAX 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jul2026-06-24T03:14:21.759Z2026-06-24T03:07:25.663ZS-EPMC102897473734722410.1097/HC9.0000000000000144