biostudies-literatureMartin Beem JSNIAID NIH HHSHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchNational Institutes of HealthW51-W56https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10320107biostudies-literatureUnknown51(W1)Antibodies are generated by B cells that evolve receptor specificity to pathogens through rounds of mutation and selection in a process called affinity maturation. Somatic hypermutation is mediated by an enzyme with DNA sequence context-dependent targeting and substitution resulting in variable probabilities of amino acid substitutions during affinity maturation. We have previously developed a program called Antigen Receptor Mutation Analyzer for the Detection of Low Likelihood Occurrences (ARMADiLLO) that performs simulations of the somatic hypermutation process to estimate the probabilities of observed antibody mutations. Here we describe the ARMADiLLO web server (https://armadillo.dhvi.duke.edu), an easy-to-use web interface that analyzes input antibody sequences and displays the probabNucleic acids researchARMADiLLO: a web server for analyzing antibody mutation probabilities.PMC10320107UM1 AI144371UM1AI144371]Wiehe KMartin Beem JSHaynes BFVenkatayogi SfalseARMADiLLO: a web server for analyzing antibody mutation probabilities.Antibodies are generated by B cells that evolve receptor specificity to pathogens through rounds of mutation and selection in a process called affinity maturation. Somatic hypermutation is mediated by an enzyme with DNA sequence context-dependent targeting and substitution resulting in variable probabilities of amino acid substitutions during affinity maturation. We have previously developed a program called Antigen Receptor Mutation Analyzer for the Detection of Low Likelihood Occurrences (ARMADiLLO) that performs simulations of the somatic hypermutation process to estimate the probabilities of observed antibody mutations. Here we describe the ARMADiLLO web server (https://armadillo.dhvi.duke.edu), an easy-to-use web interface that analyzes input antibody sequences and displays the probab2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Jul2025-05-29T16:07:06.113Z2025-05-29T16:07:06.113ZS-EPMC103201073726007710.1093/nar/gkad398