biostudies-literatureWeiner ABAmerican Cancer SocietyU.S. Department of DefenseNCI NIH HHSNLM NIH HHSProstate Cancer FoundationU.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | National Institutes of Health105-112https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10353550biostudies-literatureUnknown26(1)<h4>Background</h4>Data on advanced prostate cancer (PCa) suggest more prior systemic therapies might reduce tumor immune responsiveness. In treatment-naïve primary PCa, recent work correlated intratumoral plasma cell content with enhanced tumor immune-responsiveness. We sought to identify features of localized PCa at a high risk of recurrence following local treatment with high plasma cell content to help focus future immune-based neoadjuvant trials.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed retrospective analyses of molecular profiles from three independent cohorts of over 1300 prostate tumors. We used Wilcoxon Rank Sum to compare molecular pathways between tumors with high and low intratumoral plasma cell content and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess metastasis-freeProstate cancer and prostatic diseasesHigh intratumoral plasma cells content in primary prostate cancer defines a subset of tumors with potential susceptibility to immune-based treatments.PMC10353550R01 LM013236U01 CA1963905U01CA196390W81XWH-15-1-0661RSG-21-023-01-TBGKini MYu CYLiu YLotan TLDavicioni EWeiner ABMitrofanova ASchaeffer EMfalseHigh intratumoral plasma cells content in primary prostate cancer defines a subset of tumors with potential susceptibility to immune-based treatments.<h4>Background</h4>Data on advanced prostate cancer (PCa) suggest more prior systemic therapies might reduce tumor immune responsiveness. In treatment-naïve primary PCa, recent work correlated intratumoral plasma cell content with enhanced tumor immune-responsiveness. We sought to identify features of localized PCa at a high risk of recurrence following local treatment with high plasma cell content to help focus future immune-based neoadjuvant trials.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed retrospective analyses of molecular profiles from three independent cohorts of over 1300 prostate tumors. We used Wilcoxon Rank Sum to compare molecular pathways between tumors with high and low intratumoral plasma cell content and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess metastasis-free2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Mar2026-06-01T22:08:42.97Z2026-05-22T03:08:25.487ZS-EPMC103535503556878110.1038/s41391-022-00547-0