biostudies-literatureYao KLaboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project (NZ2021013), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31961133029 and 31730066), Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific & Technological Self-innovation Foundation, grant number 2015RC01413621https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10487828biostudies-literatureUnknown24(17)Lysin-Motif receptor-like kinase (LysM-RLK) proteins are widely distributed in plants and serve a critical role in defending against pathogens and establishing symbiotic relationships. However, there is a lack of comprehensive identification and analysis of LysM-RLK family members in the soybean genome. In this study, we discovered and named 27 <i>LysM-RLK</i> genes in soybean. The majority of LysM-RLKs were highly conserved in Arabidopsis and soybean, while certain members of subclades III, VI, and VII are unique to soybean. The promoters of these <i>LysM-RLK</i>s contain specific <i>cis</i>-elements associated with plant development and responses to environmental factors. Notably, all <i>LysM-RLK</i> gene promoters feature nodule specificity elements, while 51.86% of them also possess NBS sites (NIN/NLP binding site). The expression profiles revealed that genes from subclade V in soybean roots were regulated by both rhizobia and nitrogen treatment. The expression levels of subclade V genes were then validated by real-time quantitative PCR, and it was observed that the level of <i>GmLYK4a</i> and <i>GmLYK4c</i> in roots was inhibited by rhizobia but induced via varying concentrations of nitrate. Consequently, our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the soybean <i>LysM-RLK</i> gene family and emphasize the role of subclade V in coupling soybean symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nitrogen response.International journal of molecular sciencesGenome-Wide Identification of the Soybean LysM-RLK Family Genes and Its Nitrogen Response.PMC10487828NZ2021013; 31961133029 ; 31730066 ;2015RC014Yao KLi XJi HWang YfalseGenome-Wide Identification of the Soybean LysM-RLK Family Genes and Its Nitrogen Response.Lysin-Motif receptor-like kinase (LysM-RLK) proteins are widely distributed in plants and serve a critical role in defending against pathogens and establishing symbiotic relationships. However, there is a lack of comprehensive identification and analysis of LysM-RLK family members in the soybean genome. In this study, we discovered and named 27 <i>LysM-RLK</i> genes in soybean. The majority of LysM-RLKs were highly conserved in Arabidopsis and soybean, while certain members of subclades III, VI, and VII are unique to soybean. The promoters of these <i>LysM-RLK</i>s contain specific <i>cis</i>-elements associated with plant development and responses to environmental factors. Notably, all <i>LysM-RLK</i> gene promoters feature nodule specificity elements, while 51.86% of them also possess NBS sites (NIN/NLP binding site). The expression profiles revealed that genes from subclade V in soybean roots were regulated by both rhizobia and nitrogen treatment. The expression levels of subclade V genes were then validated by real-time quantitative PCR, and it was observed that the level of <i>GmLYK4a</i> and <i>GmLYK4c</i> in roots was inhibited by rhizobia but induced via varying concentrations of nitrate. Consequently, our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the soybean <i>LysM-RLK</i> gene family and emphasize the role of subclade V in coupling soybean symbiotic nitrogen fixation and nitrogen response.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Sep2026-04-08T12:55:58.976Z2025-04-07T03:29:02.936ZS-EPMC104878283768642710.3390/ijms241713621