{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Thindwa D"],"funding":["Medical Research Council","National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)","Wellcome Trust"],"pagination":["2045-2055"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10503545"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["36(14)"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Objective</h4>Adults living with HIV (ALWHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at high risk of pneumococcal carriage and disease. To help evaluate carriage risk in African ALWHIV at least 4 years after infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccination introduction in 2011, we assessed association between pneumococcal carriage and potential risk factors.<h4>Methods</h4>Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from adults aged 18-40 years attending an ART clinic during rolling, cross-sectional surveys in Blantyre, Malawi between 2015 and 2019. We fitted generalized additive models to estimate the risk of sex, social economic status (SES), living with a child less than 5 years, and ART duration on carriage.<h4>Results</h4>Of 2067 adults, median age was 33 years (range 28-37), 1427 (69.0%) were women, 1087 (61.4%) were in low-middle socioeconomic-status (SES), 910 (44.0%) were living with a child less than 5 years, and median ART duration was 3 years (range 0.004-17). We estimated 38.2 and 60.6% reductions in overall and vaccine-serotype carriage prevalence. Overall carriage was associated with low SES, living with a child less than 5 years and shorter duration on ART. By contrast, vaccine-type carriage was associated with living without a child less than 5 years and male sex.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Despite temporal reductions in overall and vaccine-serotype carriage, there is evidence of incomplete vaccine-serotype indirect protection. A targeted-vaccination campaign should be considered for ALWHIV, along with other public health measures to further reduce vaccine-serotype carriage and therefore disease."],"journal":["AIDS (London, England)"],"pubmed_title":["Risk factors for pneumococcal carriage in adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the infant pneumococcal vaccine era in Malawi."],"pmcid":["PMC10503545"],"funding_grant_id":["NIHR202399","MR/T008822/1","16/136/46","MR/N023129/1","106846/Z/15/Z","208812/Z/17/Z"],"pubmed_authors":["Ojal J","Thindwa D","Mwansambo C","Heyderman RS","French N","Mwalukomo TS","Flasche S","Kamng'ona A","Msefula J","Jambo KC","Brown C","Swarthout TD"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Risk factors for pneumococcal carriage in adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the infant pneumococcal vaccine era in Malawi.","description":"<h4>Objective</h4>Adults living with HIV (ALWHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at high risk of pneumococcal carriage and disease. To help evaluate carriage risk in African ALWHIV at least 4 years after infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccination introduction in 2011, we assessed association between pneumococcal carriage and potential risk factors.<h4>Methods</h4>Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from adults aged 18-40 years attending an ART clinic during rolling, cross-sectional surveys in Blantyre, Malawi between 2015 and 2019. We fitted generalized additive models to estimate the risk of sex, social economic status (SES), living with a child less than 5 years, and ART duration on carriage.<h4>Results</h4>Of 2067 adults, median age was 33 years (range 28-37), 1427 (69.0%) were women, 1087 (61.4%) were in low-middle socioeconomic-status (SES), 910 (44.0%) were living with a child less than 5 years, and median ART duration was 3 years (range 0.004-17). We estimated 38.2 and 60.6% reductions in overall and vaccine-serotype carriage prevalence. Overall carriage was associated with low SES, living with a child less than 5 years and shorter duration on ART. By contrast, vaccine-type carriage was associated with living without a child less than 5 years and male sex.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Despite temporal reductions in overall and vaccine-serotype carriage, there is evidence of incomplete vaccine-serotype indirect protection. A targeted-vaccination campaign should be considered for ALWHIV, along with other public health measures to further reduce vaccine-serotype carriage and therefore disease.","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022 Nov","modification":"2025-04-27T03:44:26.063Z","creation":"2025-04-06T18:53:33.551Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC10503545","cross_references":{"pubmed":["35983828"],"doi":["10.1097/QAD.0000000000003365"]}}