biostudies-literatureSchaeffer JEuropean Research Council2881-2898.e12https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10522804biostudies-literatureUnknown111(18)In the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), axons fail to regenerate spontaneously after injury because of a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Despite recent advances targeting the intrinsic regenerative properties of adult neurons, the molecular mechanisms underlying axon regeneration are not fully understood. Here, we uncover a regulatory mechanism that controls the expression of key proteins involved in regeneration at the translational level. Our results show that mRNA-specific translation is critical for promoting axon regeneration. Indeed, we demonstrate that specific ribosome-interacting proteins, such as the protein Huntingtin (HTT), selectively control the translation of a specific subset of mRNAs. Moreover, modulating the expression of these translationallyNeuronCustomization of the translational complex regulates mRNA-specific translation to control CNS regeneration.PMC10522804759089Diaz JJNawabi HVilallongue NCatez FSchaeffer JEl Bakdouri NDecourt CPlissonnier EExcoffier BSaudou FBlot BHumbert SBelin SPaccard AfalseCustomization of the translational complex regulates mRNA-specific translation to control CNS regeneration.In the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), axons fail to regenerate spontaneously after injury because of a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Despite recent advances targeting the intrinsic regenerative properties of adult neurons, the molecular mechanisms underlying axon regeneration are not fully understood. Here, we uncover a regulatory mechanism that controls the expression of key proteins involved in regeneration at the translational level. Our results show that mRNA-specific translation is critical for promoting axon regeneration. Indeed, we demonstrate that specific ribosome-interacting proteins, such as the protein Huntingtin (HTT), selectively control the translation of a specific subset of mRNAs. Moreover, modulating the expression of these translationally2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Sep2026-05-29T02:05:19.25Z2025-04-05T09:59:36.931ZS-EPMC105228043744213110.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.005