biostudies-literatureUnknown39Qi YCo-inhibitory immune checkpoints play a crucial role in tumor progression, and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor has been a breakthrough for treating multiple refractory tumors in last decade. Nevertheless, results of several phase III clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor are unsatisfactory in high grade gliomas recently. This article reviews the promising biomarkers which can predict the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy and current status of emerging strategies involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, especially the combination treatment and neoadjuvant PD-1 therapy in gliomas. In addition, B7-H4, one of the most promising immune checkpoints, is also briefly reviewed here for its clinical significance, regulatory mechanism and developing immunotherapeutic strategies in pre-clinical glioma models.Translational oncology101793https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10587763biostudies-literatureThe co-inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins B7-H1(PD-L1) and B7-H4 in high grade glioma: From bench to bedside.PMC10587763Ji CYao YWang CQi YHuang XfalseThe co-inhibitory immune checkpoint proteins B7-H1(PD-L1) and B7-H4 in high grade glioma: From bench to bedside.Co-inhibitory immune checkpoints play a crucial role in tumor progression, and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor has been a breakthrough for treating multiple refractory tumors in last decade. Nevertheless, results of several phase III clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor are unsatisfactory in high grade gliomas recently. This article reviews the promising biomarkers which can predict the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy and current status of emerging strategies involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, especially the combination treatment and neoadjuvant PD-1 therapy in gliomas. In addition, B7-H4, one of the most promising immune checkpoints, is also briefly reviewed here for its clinical significance, regulatory mechanism and developing immunotherapeutic strategies in pre-clinical glioma models.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jan2026-05-28T08:52:27.557Z2025-04-04T11:00:07.801ZS-EPMC105877633784447910.1016/j.tranon.2023.101793