biostudies-literatureUnknown40(11)James JNew mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE,Molecular biology and evolutionmsad228https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10630145biostudies-literatureBetween but Not Within-Species Variation in the Distribution of Fitness Effects.PMC10630145Bouic DPuzos LPyhajarvi TAravanopoulos FAJames JBagnoli FLe-Provost GBrodbeck SNievergelt DMatesanz SAlia RFaivre-Rampant PValladares FDanusevicius DBallesteros EMeischner HAmbrosio OLascoux MFonti PCavers SFady BBajc MJouineau AAudrey AKnutzen FBastien CMorganti SReutimann ORemi DGraf RScotti IBudde KBPlomion CBarbas EDenou JLSemerikov VKappner JPBastias CCOpgenoorth LNotivol ESegundo SSVillar MMeier BEskild Nilsen ABernier FCliment JMLambertz JGanopoulos IAlizoti PBrunetto WMichotey CLevillain JCervantes SGrivet DDe Girardi NScalabrin SFarsakoglou AMSonstebo JHGenTree ConsortiumWestin JLalanne CCremer ELejeune VGray ABuchovska JPringarbe MTurion NDel Barrio JMGBenavides RSlamova LAunon FMilesi PBeffa GBuret CPakull BLiesebach MOlsson SVendramin GGWestergren MKesalahti RLabriola MIssenhuth BOstreng GKujala STKastally CHollenbach EOjeda DIMarchon JJorge VHeer KAvramidou EHurel AGugerli FLesur-Kupin IThevenet JBodineau GDauphin BRogier ORobledo-Arnuncio JJKumpula TACabanillas-Saldana AMRichter SHartleitner CLopez-Quiroga DMyking TBuy MMas ARellstab CAvanzi CGilg ODokhelar BCorreard MTollefsrud MMMariotte NSancho EMDucousso AMalliarou EPiotti Avon Arx GDel Cano FBenoit VCarvalho BRamirez-Valiente JAPinosio SRaffin AJean FPerry ASchueler SSchneck VCheval NSavolainen OGonzalez-Martinez SCPoinot NKarkkainen KSpanu IBignalet HfalseBetween but Not Within-Species Variation in the Distribution of Fitness Effects.New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE,2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Nov2025-04-26T21:14:55.724Z2025-02-19T00:38:16.673ZS-EPMC106301453783222510.1093/molbev/msad228