biostudies-literatureChoowongkomon KKasetsart University Research and Development Institutethe Medical Council of Thailand (Police General Dr. Jongjate Aojanepong Foundation)Medical Council of Thailand56https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10820552biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)Malayan krait (<i>Bungarus candidus</i>) envenoming is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in many Southeast Asian countries. If intubation and specific antivenom administration are delayed, the most significant life-threatening outcome may be the inhibition of neuromuscular transmission and subsequent respiratory failure. It is recommended that krait-envenomed victims without indications of neurotoxicity, e.g., skeletal muscle weakness or ptosis, immediately receive 10 vials of antivenom. However, the administration of excess antivenom may lead to hypersensitivity or serum sickness. Therefore, monitoring venom concentrations in patients could be used as an indicator for snake antivenom treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) biosensoToxinsDevelopment of a Biosensor to Detect Venom of Malayan Krait (<i>Bungarus candidus</i>).PMC10820552FF (KU)51.67FF (KU)25.642563Choowongkomon KVasaruchapong THodgson WCChaisakul JRasri NChaeksin KSeetaha SSookprasert NBoonchaleaw SfalseDevelopment of a Biosensor to Detect Venom of Malayan Krait (<i>Bungarus candidus</i>).Malayan krait (<i>Bungarus candidus</i>) envenoming is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in many Southeast Asian countries. If intubation and specific antivenom administration are delayed, the most significant life-threatening outcome may be the inhibition of neuromuscular transmission and subsequent respiratory failure. It is recommended that krait-envenomed victims without indications of neurotoxicity, e.g., skeletal muscle weakness or ptosis, immediately receive 10 vials of antivenom. However, the administration of excess antivenom may lead to hypersensitivity or serum sickness. Therefore, monitoring venom concentrations in patients could be used as an indicator for snake antivenom treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) biosenso2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Jan2025-08-27T03:07:26.72Z2025-04-06T01:42:06.799ZS-EPMC108205523827653210.3390/toxins16010056