biostudies-literatureHwang HNIAID NIH HHSNational Institutes of HealthNIGMS NIH HHS2776-2788.e5https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10841985biostudies-literatureUnknown58(23)The oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET) is regulated by maternal products stored in the oocyte cytoplasm, independent of transcription. How maternal products are precisely remodeled to dictate the OET remains largely unclear. In this work, we discover the dynamic solubility phase transition of maternal RNAs during Xenopus OET. We have identified 863 maternal transcripts that transition from a soluble state to a detergent-insoluble one after oocyte maturation. These RNAs are enriched in the animal hemisphere, and many of them encode key cell cycle regulators. In contrast, 165 transcripts, including nearly all Xenopus germline RNAs and some vegetally localized somatic RNAs, undergo an insoluble-to-soluble phase transition. This phenomenon is conserved in zebrafish. Our results demonstrate thatDevelopmental cellSolubility phase transition of maternal RNAs during vertebrate oocyte-to-embryo transition.PMC10841985R35 GM131810R01GM140306R01 GM140306R03 AI146900R03AI146900Borwick EDivyanshiBoke EYang JFan HCMei WMa MHwang HChen SfalseSolubility phase transition of maternal RNAs during vertebrate oocyte-to-embryo transition.The oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET) is regulated by maternal products stored in the oocyte cytoplasm, independent of transcription. How maternal products are precisely remodeled to dictate the OET remains largely unclear. In this work, we discover the dynamic solubility phase transition of maternal RNAs during Xenopus OET. We have identified 863 maternal transcripts that transition from a soluble state to a detergent-insoluble one after oocyte maturation. These RNAs are enriched in the animal hemisphere, and many of them encode key cell cycle regulators. In contrast, 165 transcripts, including nearly all Xenopus germline RNAs and some vegetally localized somatic RNAs, undergo an insoluble-to-soluble phase transition. This phenomenon is conserved in zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Dec2026-06-03T00:58:11.507Z2025-04-06T22:27:53.102ZS-EPMC108419853792290910.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.005