biostudies-literatureCampbell JSNational Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in ResearchMedical Research CouncilWellcome Trust2313413https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10877982biostudies-literatureUnknown15(1)Over the last 20 years, the larva of the greater waxmoth, <i>Galleria mellonella</i>, has rapidly increased in popularity as an <i>in vivo</i> mammalian replacement model organism for the study of human pathogens. Experimental readouts of response to infection are most often limited to observing the melanization cascade and quantifying larval death and, whilst transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, and methods to determine microbial load are also used, a more comprehensive toolkit of profiling infection over time could transform the applicability of this model. As an invertebrate, <i>Galleria</i> harbour an innate immune system comprised of both humoral components and a repertoire of innate immune cells - termed haemocytes. Although information on subtypes of haemocytes exists, there areVirulenceCharacterising phagocytes and measuring phagocytosis from live Galleria mellonella larvae.PMC10877982224323/Z/21/ZMR/N006364/2NC/W002388/1NC/T001518/1MR/M026663/2Campbell JSPradhan ABrown AJPBebes APearce JCYuecel RWakefield JGfalseCharacterising phagocytes and measuring phagocytosis from live Galleria mellonella larvae.Over the last 20 years, the larva of the greater waxmoth, <i>Galleria mellonella</i>, has rapidly increased in popularity as an <i>in vivo</i> mammalian replacement model organism for the study of human pathogens. Experimental readouts of response to infection are most often limited to observing the melanization cascade and quantifying larval death and, whilst transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, and methods to determine microbial load are also used, a more comprehensive toolkit of profiling infection over time could transform the applicability of this model. As an invertebrate, <i>Galleria</i> harbour an innate immune system comprised of both humoral components and a repertoire of innate immune cells - termed haemocytes. Although information on subtypes of haemocytes exists, there are2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Dec2026-06-17T06:29:35.959Z2025-04-05T23:51:22.751ZS-EPMC108779823835790910.1080/21505594.2024.2313413