biostudies-literatureMa YNCATS NIH HHSNIA NIH HHSNIDA NIH HHSU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on AgingNIMHD NIH HHSU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Minority Health and Health DisparitiesNIH HHSU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health2074-2083https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC10901568biostudies-literatureUnknown7(12)Average ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentrations have decreased in the US in recent years, but the health benefits of this improvement among different racial/ethnic groups are unknown. We estimate the associations between long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and cause-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rate and assess the PM_2.5-attributable CVD deaths by race/ethnicity across 3,103 US counties during 2001-2016 (n = 595,776 county-months). A 1 µg m^-³ increase in PM_2.5 concentration was associated with increases of 7.16 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.81, 10.51) CVD deaths per 1,000,000 Black people per month, significantly higher than the estimates for non-Hispanic white people (1.76 (95% CI: 1.37, 2.15); difference in coefficients: 5.40 (95% CI: 2.03, 8.77), P = 0.001). No significant difference in this association was observed between Hispanic (2.66 (95% CI: -0.03, 5.35)) and non-Hispanic white people (difference in coefficients: 0.90 (95% CI: -1.81, 3.61), P = 0.523). From 2001 to 2016, the absolute disparity in PM_2.5-attributable CVD mortality burden was reduced by 44.04% between non-Hispanic Black and white people and by 2.61% between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white people. However, in 2016, the burden remained 3.47 times higher for non-Hispanic Black people and 0.45 times higher for Hispanic people than for non-Hispanic white people. We call for policies that aim to reduce both exposure and vulnerability to PM_2.5 for racial/ethnic minorities.Nature human behaviourRacial/ethnic disparities in PM<sub>2.5</sub>-attributable cardiovascular mortality burden in the United States.PMC10901568P30AG021342R21 AG074238R01MD016054R01 MD017298R01 MD016054DP5OD029636P30 AG021342L60 DA054692R21AG074238-01UL1 TR001863DP5 OD029636DP1 DA058982Chen KLu YKrumholz HMMa YZang EOpara IfalseRacial/ethnic disparities in PM<sub>2.5</sub>-attributable cardiovascular mortality burden in the United States.Average ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentrations have decreased in the US in recent years, but the health benefits of this improvement among different racial/ethnic groups are unknown. We estimate the associations between long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and cause-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rate and assess the PM_2.5-attributable CVD deaths by race/ethnicity across 3,103 US counties during 2001-2016 (n = 595,776 county-months). A 1 µg m^-³ increase in PM_2.5 concentration was associated with increases of 7.16 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.81, 10.51) CVD deaths per 1,000,000 Black people per month, significantly higher than the estimates for non-Hispanic white people (1.76 (95% CI: 1.37, 2.15); difference in coefficients: 5.40 (95% CI: 2.03, 8.77), P = 0.001). No significant difference in this association was observed between Hispanic (2.66 (95% CI: -0.03, 5.35)) and non-Hispanic white people (difference in coefficients: 0.90 (95% CI: -1.81, 3.61), P = 0.523). From 2001 to 2016, the absolute disparity in PM_2.5-attributable CVD mortality burden was reduced by 44.04% between non-Hispanic Black and white people and by 2.61% between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white people. However, in 2016, the burden remained 3.47 times higher for non-Hispanic Black people and 0.45 times higher for Hispanic people than for non-Hispanic white people. We call for policies that aim to reduce both exposure and vulnerability to PM_2.5 for racial/ethnic minorities.2023-01-01T00:00:00Z2023 Dec2025-04-19T16:11:36.583Z2025-04-19T16:11:36.583ZS-EPMC109015683765314910.1038/s41562-023-01694-7